Rajasthan

Appearance

Historical Events (1901-1947)

  • August 7, 1905: Swadeshi Movement launched in protest against Bengal Partition; boycott of foreign goods began at Kolkata Town Hall.
  • October 16, 1905: Bengal Partition implemented by Lord Curzon; observed as Raksha Bandhan Day.
  • 1907: Surat Session of Congress; Ras Bihari Ghosh presided; split between Moderates and Extremists.
  • 1909: Morley-Minto Act introduced communal electoral system in India.
  • January 9, 1915: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India, observed as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.
  • 1916:
    • Lucknow Session of Congress; Ambica Charan Mazumdar presided.
    • Congress and Muslim League Pact; reunion of Moderates and Extremists.
    • Establishment of Banaras Hindu University (BHU).
    • Home Rule League Movement started by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
  • 1917:
    • Calcutta Session of Congress; Annie Besant became the first female president of Congress.
    • Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar against indigo cultivation and Tinkathia system; Mahatma Gandhi's first participation.
  • 1919:
    • Rowlatt Act ("no appeal, no argument, no lawyer").
    • Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms introduced diarchy in provinces.
    • April 13, 1919: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in Amritsar; Shankaran Nair resigned as lawyer for India.
  • 1920: Non-Cooperation Movement began; Mahatma Gandhi renounced his Kaiser-e-Hind title.
  • February 1922: Chauri Chaura incident in Gorakhpur, leading to the end of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
  • 1923: Swaraj Party founded by Chittaranjan Das (C.R. Das) and Motilal Nehru.
  • 1924: Belgaum Session of Congress; Mahatma Gandhi presided (his only time).
  • 1925:
    • Kanpur Session of Congress; Sarojini Naidu became the first Indian woman president.
    • August 9, 1925: Kakori Train Action (formerly Kakori Train Robbery); Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Roshan Singh, and Chandrashekhar Azad involved.
  • 1927: Simon Commission formed (seven foreign members).
  • 1928:
    • Simon Commission arrived in India, faced "Simon Go Back" protests.
    • Nehru Report presented by Motilal Nehru.
  • 1929: Lahore Session of Congress; Jawaharlal Nehru presided; demand for Purna Swaraj (complete independence) made.
  • January 26, 1930: Purna Swaraj Day declared.
  • 1930:
    • Civil Disobedience Movement began.
    • March 12, 1930 - April 6, 1930: Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi.
    • First Round Table Conference held (Congress did not participate).
  • March 5, 1931: Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed; Congress agreed to participate in the Second Round Table Conference.
  • March 23, 1931: Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev executed.
  • 1931: Second Round Table Conference held (Mahatma Gandhi participated, travelling by Rajputana ship).
  • 1932:
    • Communal Award announced by British PM Ramsay MacDonald.
    • September 1932: Poona Pact signed between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar.
  • 1940:
    • August Offer announced.
    • Individual Satyagraha Movement began; Vinoba Bhave was the first Satyagrahi.
  • August 9, 1942: Quit India Movement launched; Lord Linlithgow was Viceroy; "Do or Die" slogan given; Operation Zero Hour initiated.
  • March 1946: Cabinet Mission formed (Pethick Lawrence – Chairman, Alexander, Stafford Cripps); suggested formation of Constituent Assembly with 389 seats (1 seat per 10 lakh population).
  • December 9, 1946: First meeting of Constituent Assembly; Sachchidananda Sinha appointed interim president.
  • December 13, 1946: Objective Resolution (Preamble) presented by Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • January 22, 1947: Objective Resolution accepted.
  • June 3, 1947: Mountbatten Plan announced (partition of India).
  • July 18, 1947: Indian Independence Act passed.
  • November 26, 1949: Constitution of India adopted.
  • January 26, 1950: Constitution of India came into full effect (16 articles partially enacted on this date, as per Article 394).
  • January 24, 1950: National Anthem and National Song adopted; members of Constituent Assembly signed the Constitution.
  • January 28, 1950: Supreme Court of India established.
  • July 22, 1947: National Flag adopted.

Recent Current Affairs

Space & Technology

  • Geely Space (China): Successfully launched 11 Geesat Com satellites for Internet of Things (IoT) communication; total 41 satellites in orbit with a target of 72 by end of 2025 for global IoT coverage.
  • ISRO's first space docking mission "Spadex": Launched by PSLV C60.
  • ISRO's 100th satellite mission: Launched by GSLV F15 (NVS 02 satellite).
  • AI Summit (2025): PM Modi co-hosted the third AI Summit in Paris (first in Bletchley, second in Seoul).
  • RBI's "Free AI Vision": Launched for the financial sector to balance innovation and risk management, based on seven principles.
  • AI-based Sabhasar System: Launched by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj to automatically extract summaries of Gram Sabha and Panchayat meetings from audio/video recordings. Pilot project started in Tripura (10,194 Panchayats).

Government Initiatives & Economy

  • Prime Minister's Address (August 15, 2025):
    • Announced "Prime Minister Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana" with an outlay of approximately ₹1 lakh crore (₹99,446 crore).
    • Aims to create 3.5 crore jobs in the next 2 years.
    • Offers ₹15,000 incentive to newly employed youth in the private sector (for those earning up to ₹1 lakh/month, in two installments).
    • Offers ₹3,000 per month incentive to employers creating new job opportunities.
    • Announced "Mission Sudarshan Chakra" for the security of major establishments using indigenous technology, aiming for self-reliance in defense.
  • S&P (Standard & Poor's):
    • Upgraded India's long-term sovereign credit rating from BBB- to BBB after 18 years, with a stable outlook. Short-term rating upgraded from A3 to A2.
    • Forecasts India's FY26 growth rate at 6.5%.
    • Care Ratings is India's first domestic credit rating agency.
  • UN Theme for 2025: Gaganayaan Year, Glacier Conservation Day, Year of Quantum Technology, Year of Peace and Development, Year of Cooperatives.
  • Financial Year 2025 GDP Growth Estimate (Economic Survey 24-25): 6.4%.
  • President's Rule: Imposed in Manipur by President Droupadi Murmu.
  • National Turmeric Board Headquarters: Nizamabad (Telangana).
  • Swamitva Yojana: Launched by Ministry of Panchayati Raj to determine ownership of property.
  • Central Budget 25-26 Micro-enterprise Investment Limits: Micro (₹2.5 crore), Small (₹25 crore), Medium (₹125 crore).
  • E-NAM Platform: Included Dragon Fruit for trading.
  • First company to benefit from 100% FDI in defense project: Saab (Sweden).

Awards & Appointments

  • Padma Vibhushan 2025: Awarded to 7 individuals including Osamu Suzuki, Sharda Sinha, Kumudini Lakhia, Lakshminarayana Subramaniam, Justice Kher, Vasudev Nair, Nageswara Reddy.
  • Col. CK Naidu Lifetime Achievement Award: Sachin Tendulkar.
  • 26th Chief Election Commissioner of India: Gyanesh Kumar.
  • SEBI's 11th Head: Tuhinkanta Pandey.
  • Time Magazine's Woman of the Year: Purnima Devi Barman.

Sports

  • 33rd Santosh Trophy: Won by Bengal.
  • Australian Open (men's singles): Won by Jannik Sinner (Italy).
  • French Open (men's singles): Won by Carlos Alcaraz (Spain).
  • Quantum Box Chennai Grandmasters 2025: German Grandmaster Vincent Keymer won, defeating Van Foreest (Netherlands).
  • 38th National Games: Held in Uttarakhand; Services stood first, awarded Raja Bhalendra Trophy.
  • Khelo India Water Games (first time): To be held in Srinagar (Dal Lake), Jammu & Kashmir; Mascot: Himalayan Kingfisher.
  • Ranji Trophy 2025: Won by Vidarbha (Cricket).

Other Significant News

  • BRICS 10th full member: Indonesia.
  • ISRO's 11th Chairman: V. Narayanan.
  • Indian Navy Project P75: Sixth and final Scorpene-class submarine included is INS Vagsheer.
  • Interpol's first "Silver Notice": Issued to trace money laundering assets (at India's request, against online child sexual exploitation).
  • Death of Ves Pas: Former Indian hockey player, won bronze at 1972 Munich Olympics.
  • Death of Najathyala Sridharan: Created a dictionary of four Dravidian languages (Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada).
  • Export of Khubani (Apricot): Ladakh's Raktsey Karpo Khubani (GI-tagged) exported for the first time to Saudi Arabia on August 15, via agreement with Lulu Group. Other GI tags in Ladakh: Sea Buckthorn, Pashmina. Kashmir's Saffron (Zafran) also GI-tagged, grown in 'Karewa' lands.
  • UNESCO Heritage Certificates: 43rd site: Moingdom (Ahom Kingdom's burial site in Assam); 44th site: Maratha Military Landscapes (12 forts).
  • "Bhargavastra": Launched to counter drone attacks.
  • Xio Mission 4: Indian astronaut going to International Space Station: Shubhanshu Shukla (Lucknow).
  • India's first Bio Bank: Padmaja Naidu, Darjeeling.
  • Delhi Chief Minister: Rekha Gupta (fourth female CM).
  • Hawk (Hostile Activity Watch Kernel) System: Wildlife crime management system for forest and wildlife, launched in Tamil Nadu (third state after Kerala and Karnataka); developed by Wildlife Trust of India and NTT Data.
  • "Operation Hawk" (separate from the system): Launched by CBI to curb online child sexual exploitation.
  • Indian Army's Ship Guldar: Launched India's first underwater museum in Maharashtra.
  • Corruption Perception Index: India ranked 96th out of 180 countries.