• Kerala Festivals and Events:

  • Vishu (Malayalam New Year)
  • Thrissur Pooram (Vallomkali/Snake Boat Race)
  • Attukal Pongala
  • Other festivals mentioned: Sundereshwar Utsav, Nisagandha Utsav, and Pennukuni Utsav. Onam and Makaravilakku.

• Kerala Tiger and Elephant Reserves:

  • Parambikulam Tiger Reserve
  • Periyar Tiger Reserve (famous for elephants)
  • Elephant Reserves: Wayanad, Nilambur, Anamudi, and Periyar

• Kerala Biosphere Reserves (UNESCO):

  • Nilgiri (India's first, established in 1986)
  • Agasthyamalai - Kerala's World Heritage Site: Western Ghats (2012), spanning Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Kerala, and Karnataka.

• Kerala's Intangible Cultural Heritage Sites (UNESCO): Kutiyattam, Mudiyettu, and Chhau dance (all included in the 2010 list). Mudiyettu and Kutiyattam are specific to Kerala. Kalbeliya dance is also included.

• Kerala's GI Tags: Aleppey Green Cardamom and Wayanad Robusta Coffee.

• Kerala's Classical and Folk Dances:

  • Classical: Kathakali and Mohiniyattam.
  • Folk: Theyyam, Mudiyettu, Padeni, Kudiyattam, Kaliyattam, Margamkali, Velakkali, Kolkkali, and Puli Kali. Padeni, Kolkkali, and Puli Kali are especially important.

• Kerala's Festivals: Onam, Makaravilakku, Vishu (Malayalam New Year), Thrissur Pooram, Vallamkali (snake boat race), Atttukal Pongala, Sundareśvara festival, Nisagandha festival, and Pennukuni festival. Onam, Makaravilakku, Vishu, Thrissur Pooram, Atttukal Pongala, and Vallamkali are key festivals to remember.

• Kerala's Tiger Reserves: Parambikulam and Periyar (Periyar is also famous for elephants).

• Kerala's Elephant Reserves: Wayanad, Nilambur, Anamudi, and Periyar.

• Kerala's Biosphere Reserves (UNESCO): Nilgiri (India's first, 1986) and Agasthyamalai.

• First Women in Judiciary:

  • Anna Chandy: First woman judge in any Indian High Court.
  • Leela Seth: First woman Chief Justice (Himachal Pradesh).
  • Justice M. Fathima: First woman judge of the Supreme Court of India.

• Indian Sporting Achievements:

  • Anju Bobby George: First Indian woman to win a bronze medal in the World Athletics Championships.
  • P.T. Usha: Current president of the Indian Olympic Association; known as the "Golden Girl" and "Flying Queen" of India; author of an autobiography, Golden Girl.

• Kerala Geography:

  • Northernmost point: Kasaragod.
  • Southernmost point: Thiruvananthapuram.
  • Easternmost point: Idukki.
  • Westernmost point: Kasaragod.

• Kerala's Ramsar Sites:

  • Ashtamudi Lake
  • Vembanad Lake

• Kerala's World Heritage Site:

  • Western Ghats (2012)

• Kerala's Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO):

  • Kutiyattam
  • Mudiyettu
  • Theyyam (inferred from context)

• Kerala's GI Tags:

  • Alappuzha Green Cardamom
  • Wayanad Robusta Coffee* Key Personalities of Kerala:
  • E. M. S. Namboodiripad: First Chief Minister of Kerala and India's first non-Congress Chief Minister.
  • Dr. Verghese Kurien: Father of the White Revolution in India, founder of the National Dairy Development Board, known as the "Milkman," and spearheaded Operation Flood. His birthday (November 26th) is celebrated as National Milk Day.
  • K. R. Narayanan: Former President of India.
  • Kesavananda Bharati: His 1973 Supreme Court case established the "basic structure" doctrine of the Indian Constitution.
  • Anna Chandy: First female judge in any Indian High Court.
  • Leela Seth: First female Chief Justice of any Indian High Court (Himachal Pradesh).
  • Justice M. Fathima Beevi: First female judge of the Supreme Court of India.
  • Anju Bobby George: First Indian woman to win a bronze medal at the World Athletics Championships.
  • P. T. Usha: Current president of the Indian Olympic Association, known as the "Queen of Track and Field" and "Golden Girl."

• Important Religious Sites and Festivals:

  • Attukal Pongala: World's largest religious gathering of women. Held at the Attukal Bhagavathy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram.
  • Sabarimala Temple: Site of the Makaravilakku festival.
  • Sri Padmanabhaswamy Temple: Located in Thiruvananthapuram.
  • Other temples mentioned: Sri Vallbhabha Temple, Thiruvalla; Rajeshwara Temple, Kannur; Thali Shiva Temple, Kozhikode.

• Kerala's Highest Point: Anamudi (2695 meters), also the highest peak in the Western Ghats.

• Kerala's State Symbols:

  • State Bird: Great Hornbill
  • State Animal: Elephant
  • State Folk Dance: Kathakali and Mohiniyattam (two classical dances)

• Tourist Destinations & Events:

  • Nehru Trophy Boat Race (also known as Snake Boat Race) in Alappuzha.
  • Thiruvananthapuram: Padmanabhaswamy Temple and Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre.
  • Thrissur: Cultural capital of Kerala, known for Thrissur Pooram festival.
  • Kasaragod: Bekal Fort.

• Religious Sites & Festivals:

  • Sabarimala Temple: Makaravilakku Festival (Makar Sankranti).
  • Attukal Bhagavathy Temple: Attukal Pongala Festival (world's largest religious gathering of women).
  • Other temples: Sri Padmanabhaswamy Temple, Thiruvalla Sree Vallabha Temple, Rajarajeshwara Temple (Kannur), and Thali Shiva Temple (Kozhikode).

• Prominent Personalities:

  • E.M.S. Namboothiripad: First Chief Minister of Kerala and India's first non-Congress Chief Minister.
  • Dr. Verghese Kurien: Father of the White Revolution in India, founder of the National Dairy Development Board, known as the "Milkman," and spearheaded Operation Flood. His birthday (November 26th) is celebrated as National Milk Day.
  • K.R. Narayanan: Former President of India.
  • Kesavananda Bharati: His Supreme Court case (April 24, 1973) established the "basic structure" doctrine of the Indian Constitution. The case involved a 13-judge bench, the largest in Supreme Court history.
  • Anna Chandy: First female judge in any Indian High Court.

• Kerala State Information:

  • Formed: November 1, 1956
  • Proposed Name Change: To "Keralam" (currently under consideration in Parliament).
  • Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
  • First Chief Minister: E.M.S. Namboodiripad (India's first non-Congress Chief Minister)
  • Current Chief Minister: Pinarayi Vijayan
  • First Governor: Ramakrishna Rao
  • Current Governor: Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
  • Number of Districts: 14
  • Largest District (Area): Idukki
  • Smallest District (Area): Alappuzha
  • Largest District (Population): Malappuram
  • Legislative Assembly Seats: 140
  • Lok Sabha Seats: 20
  • Rajya Sabha Seats: 9
  • Highest Peak: Anamudi (2695 meters, also the highest peak in the Western Ghats)
  • Neighboring States: Tamil Nadu and Karnataka
  • Sex Ratio: 1084 (highest in India)
  • Literacy Rate: 94% (highest in India)
  • State Bird: Great Hornbill
  • State Animal: Elephant
  • State Folk Dance: Kathakali and Mohiniyattam (two classical dances)
  • Tourist Attractions: Houseboat cruises, Nehru Trophy Boat Race (also called Snake Boat Race) in Alappuzha.
  • Thiruvananthapuram: Famous for Padmanabhaswamy Temple and Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre.
  • Thrissur: Cultural capital of Kerala, known for Thrissur Pooram festival.
  • Kasaragod: Bekal Fort is located here.
  • Religious Sites: Sabarimala Temple (Makaravilakku festival during Makar Sankranti), Attukal Bhagavathy Temple (Attukal Pongala festival).

• India's National Manufacturing Mission: The Indian government formed an inter-ministerial committee led by VVR Subramaniam for the new National Manufacturing Mission.

• Amendment to Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) 2002: The central government amended the PMLA 2002, incorporating the cyber crime coordination center, I-Force.

• Cooperation Ministry Agreement: The Ministry of Cooperation partnered with Sugar Instam for online marketing of dairy and other cooperative products.

• Post Department Commemorative Stamp: The postal department announced a commemorative stamp for Pandit Chatur Lal's birth centenary. Pandit Chatur Lal was a tabla player.

• Awards and Honors:

  • President Droupadi Murmu awarded the Padma Vibhushan to seven individuals: Kumudini Lakhia, D. Nageshwar Reddy, M.T. Vasudevan Nair, Osamu Suzuki, Sharada Sinha, and Lakshminarayan Subramaniam.
  • Madhusudan Sai, a humanitarian from Karnataka, received Fiji's highest honor, Companion of the Order of Fiji.

• International Affairs:

  • India ranked fifth in military expenditure in 2024, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. India's expenditure is eight to nine times higher than Pakistan's.
  • Mark Carney was elected as the new Prime Minister of Canada.
  • Khun Phama became the second woman to be appointed president of the Badminton World Federation; she is from Thailand.

• Technology and Development:

  • The Indian government selected Sharbham AI to develop India's first AI language model.
  • The Ministry of Cooperation partnered with Shugi instaaam (likely a misspelling, context needed for correction) to bring cooperative dairy and other products to online marketplaces.

• Other Current Events:

  • The Indian Postal Department announced the release of a commemorative stamp to mark the birth centenary of Pandit Chaturlal, a tabla player.

  • The Indian government formed an inter-ministerial committee led by V.V.R. Subramaniam for the new National Manufacturing Mission.

  • The Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) 2002 now includes the Cyber Crime Coordination Centre.

  • The Vyas NAB mobile application, related to marine census, was recently in the news.

  • Veteran filmmaker Saji N. Karunakaran, from Kerala, recently received the J.C. Daniel Award.* Awards and Honors:

  • Justice S. Nariman's book, Beyond the Courtroom, was recently published.

  • Batmunkh Lubsandorj of Mongolia was selected for the 2025 Goldman Environmental Prize.

  • Payal Khandwala received the Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters from France.

  • Madhusudan Sai of Karnataka received the Companion of the Order of Fiji.

  • Seven individuals were awarded the Padma Vibhushan award by President Droupadi Murmu: Kumudini Lakhia, D. Nageshwar Reddy, M.T. Vasudevan Nair, Osamu Suzuki, Sharada Sinha, and Lakshminarayan Subramaniam.

• International Relations:

  • India offered $2 million in medical assistance to Nepal for managing thalassemia and sickle cell diseases.

• Technology and Development:

  • DRDO successfully conducted a 1000-second ground test of the Scramjet engine in Hyderabad.

• Sports:

  • Vaibhav Suryavanshi became the youngest batsman to score a century in IPL.
  • India won the second Asian Yogasana Sports Championship, securing first rank with 87 medals.
  • Jharkhand FC won the Dream Sports Championship Football 2025 title.
  • Brazil will host the 10th edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2027.
  • Kailash Mansarovar Yatra resumed after 5 years, starting from Uttarakhand's Lipulekh Pass and Sikkim's Nathu La Pass.
  • Manush Shah and Diya Chitale won the WTT World Table Tennis Contender 2025 mixed doubles title in Tunisia.
  • India won the 2nd Asian Yogasana Sports Championship, securing the top rank with 87 medals.

• Incidents and Events:

  • A deadly explosion occurred at Shahid Rajaee Port in Iran.
  • The Hubble Telescope discovered a rare Bulls Eye galaxy.

• Economic News:

  • Monaco is the world's most expensive city, according to the Henley & Partners New World Wealth Report.

• Military Expenditure:

  • According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India was ranked fifth in military expenditure in 2024. India's military expenditure is eight to nine times higher than Pakistan's.

• Politics:

  • Mark Carney was elected as the new Prime Minister of Canada.
  • Khun Pattama is the second woman to be appointed president of the Badminton World Federation (BWF), from Thailand.

• Infrastructure & Environment:

  • Bengaluru Kempegowda Airport is the first in Asia to receive Level 5 carbon accreditation.
  • Prime Minister Modi launched India Steel 2025 in Mumbai.
  • The world's most expensive city, according to the Henley & Partners' New World Wealth report, is Monaco.

• Economy & Development:

  • The World Bank reports India lifted 17.1 crore people out of extreme poverty in a decade.
  • The Indian government offered $2 million in medical assistance to Nepal for managing thalassemia and sickle cell diseases.

• Technology & Defense:

  • DRDO successfully conducted a 1000-second ground test of the Scramjet engine in Hyderabad.

• Appointments:

  • Nipun Agrawal was appointed as the new chairman of Air India Express.
  • The Ministry of Food Processing Industries launched the second edition of Sufalm 2025 in Haryana.

• Miscellaneous:

  • The book "Beyond the Courtroom" is by Justice S. Nariman.
  • The Hubble Telescope discovered a rare bull's-eye galaxy with nine bright rings.
  • A deadly explosion occurred at Shahid Rajaee port in Iran.

• Dates:

  • World Book and Copyright Day: April 23
  • World Intellectual Property Day: April 26
  • Panchayati Raj Day: April 24
  • World Malaria Day: April 25
  • World Workplace Safety and Health Day: April 28

• Top Indian Institutes in Times Higher Education Asia Ranking 2025: Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru.

• Newly Designated National Parks: Shimlipal, Odisha.

• Deceased ISRO Chairman: Dr. K. Kasturirangan (mentioned in relation to the New Education Policy).

• Indian Air Force Exercise: Exercise involving Rafale, SU-30MKI, and S-400 air defense systems (described as an "attack").

• Current Events: Shimla Agreement 1972 (Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto).

• Deemed-to-be University: Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune.

• World Malaria Day: April 25th.

• World Economic Forum Resignation: Klaus Schwab's resignation from the presidency after five decades.

• Pune FIDE Women's Grand Prix Winner: Koneru Humpy.

• National Measles-Rubella Elimination Campaign Target: 2026.

• India's First Quantum Computing Village Location: Amravati.

• "India Project" Launch for 1 Million Entrepreneurs: Mumbai.

• South India's First AC Train Service Launch: Chennai.

• Asia's First Level 5 Carbon-Certified Airport: Bengaluru Kempegowda Airport.

• India Steel 2025 Launch: Mumbai.

• World Bank Report on Poverty Reduction: India lifted 171 million people out of extreme poverty in a decade.

• Banking: RBI allows minors above 10 years old to open and operate savings and time deposit accounts independently (loans not included).

• International Conference: International conference on Buddhism and culture of Northeast India held in Namcha Barwa, Arunachal Pradesh.

• Sports: Jasprit Bumrah and Smriti Mandhana named top cricketers in Wisden's Almanack.

• Technology: World's first humanoid robot marathon held in Beijing. Google launched 7th generation AI chip, Ironwood. China launched the world's first 10 Gigabit broadband network.

• Politics/National Events: Prime Minister Narendra Modi celebrated National Panchayati Raj Day in Bihar. Karnataka completed a village-level survey of ancient artifacts. IISc Bangalore topped the Times Higher Education Asia ranking 2025 for Indian institutions. Shimlipal in Odisha designated as India's 107th national park. Indian Air Force conducted exercise involving Rafale, SU-30MKI, and S-400 air defense systems. The 1972 Shimla Agreement (Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto) was in the news. FTII, Deemed-to-be-University, headquartered in Pune.

• Personalities: Dr. K. Kasturirangan (former ISRO chairman) passed away; his contributions to the New Education Policy were noted.

• India's First Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor: Started in Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu.

• India's Largest World-Class Cruise Terminal: Inaugurated in Mumbai.

• World Earth Day: Celebrated on April 22nd.

• Laureus World Sports Awards 2025: Mondo Duplantis (pole vault) won World Sportsman of the Year.

• Prime Minister's Award for Excellence in Public Administration 2024: Awarded to the Poshan Tracker application.

• New Light-Colored Turmeric Variety (IISc-Sur): Developed by the Spice Research Centre, Kozhikode.

• ISSF World Cup Lima 2025: India secured third place in the points table.

• Cyber Crime Security Hardware 'Lev-T Shield': Launched in Telangana.

• World's First Thorium Molten Salt Nuclear Reactor: Started by China.

• Indian Army Operation in Baramula, Jammu & Kashmir: Foiled an infiltration attempt (Operation details not specified).

• Central Minister Amit Shah's HEAL initiative: Focuses on liver health education.

• RBI's New Savings Account Rule: Allows minors above 10 years old to open and operate savings and time deposit accounts independently (loans not permitted).* Religious News:

  • Death of Pope Francis at age 88. He was from Argentina and resided in Vatican City, Italy.

• Wildlife:

  • Madhya Pradesh government announced the arrival of eight cheetahs from Botswana.
  • Cheetahs were transferred from Kuno National Park to Gandhi Sagar in Madhya Pradesh.
  • Madhya Pradesh declared a new wildlife sanctuary named after Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in Sagar district.

• Renewable Energy:

  • Amravati became the world's first city powered entirely by renewable energy.

• Appointments:

  • Ajay Bhushan Pandey appointed as Vice President of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
  • Mangilal Jat was appointed Director General of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
  • Justice B.R. Gavai will be India's 52nd Chief Justice.
  • Mirabai Chanu was appointed as the President of the IWF Athletes' Commission.
  • Sourav Ganguly appointed as the chairman of the ICC Men's Cricket Committee.
  • Dinesh Maheshwari appointed as the chairman of the 23rd Law Commission.

• Cultural Events:

  • Garia Puja was held in Tripura.
  • The Puthenadu festival was held in Tamil Nadu.

• Infrastructure:

  • The Baba Bokhanag tunnel is located in Uttarakhand.
  • The Shilkyara tunnel incident (where 41 workers were trapped) is mentioned.
  • The world's highest railway arch bridge was inaugurated in Jammu and Kashmir (Chenab River).
  • The largest pilot training institute in Southeast Asia was launched in Amravati, Maharashtra.

• Nuclear Energy:

  • India's first prototype fast breeder reactor started in Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu.
  • China started the world's first thorium molten salt nuclear reactor.

• Maritime:

  • India's largest world-class cruise terminal opened in Mumbai.

• Environmental Observances:

  • World Earth Day is celebrated on April 22nd.
  • World Heritage Day was celebrated on April 18th.

• Sports Awards:

  • Mondo Duplantis won the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year award (pole vault).
  • Samar Abulol won the 2025 World Press Photo of the Year.

• Government Awards:

  • The Prime Minister's Award for Excellence in Public Administration 2024 was given to the Poshan Tracker application.

• Agriculture:

  • The IISR Sur, a light-colored turmeric variety, was developed by the Spice Research Centre, Kozhikode.

• Sports:

  • India secured third place in the 2025 ISSF World Cup Lima competition.
  • India won 11 medals at the 6th Asian Under-18 Athletics Championships.
  • James Anderson received a British knighthood for services to cricket.
  • Mohan Bagan Super Giant won the Indian Football Super League 2024-25.
  • Magnus Carlsen won the Freestyle Chess Grand Slam 25.
  • Punjab won the 15th Hockey India Senior Men's National Championship.
  • Jharkhand won the 15th Hockey India Senior Women's Championship.

• Cybersecurity:

  • Telangana launched a cybersecurity hardware level T shield.

• Military Operations:

  • The Indian Army thwarted an infiltration attempt in Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir (operation name not specified).
  • Operation Brahma was mentioned (in Myanmar).
  • DRDO successfully tested the MK-II laser-guided weapon system.

• Public Health:

  • The launch of the HEAL initiative (Hepatic for Liver) by Union Minister Amit Shah is mentioned.

• International Affairs:

  • India will participate in the multinational Desert Flag 10 exercise in the United Arab Emirates.
  • The James Webb Telescope is searching for signs of life on the exoplanet K2-18b.
  • The Global Justice, Love, and Peace Summit was held in Dubai.
  • Blue Origin's spacecraft, carrying an all-female crew, conducted space tourism for the first time since 1963.
  • The UAE chaired the Interpol Governance Committee.

• National Affairs:

  • Union Minister Rajnath Singh launched a four-day parliamentarian sports event in Lucknow.

• Government and Politics:

  • The Kurian Joseph Committee was formed to review Centre-State relations.
  • Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Day was declared on April 14th in New York.
  • Karnataka received the top rank in the India Justice Report 25.
  • The Union Home and Cooperation Minister Amit Shah celebrated CRPF Day in Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh.
  • Prime Minister Modi paid tribute to Guru Teg Bahadur on Prakash Parv.
  • The book "The Chief Minister and the Spy" was released by Amarjit Singh Dulat.
  • The Supreme Court set a three-month deadline for the President to decide on state bills.
  • Telangana became the first state to implement the SC sub-classification act.

• Sports and Awards:

  • Ju Wenjun won the FIDE Women's World Championship.
  • The Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra were included in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register.
  • India became the 17th country to establish a World Anti-Doping Agency-recognized Athlete Passport Management Unit.

• Other Current Events:

  • The first Indian Institute of Creative Technologies (IICT) was started in Mumbai.
  • French luxury brand Chanel appointed its first brand ambassador in India (Ananya Panday).
  • Classical dancer Kumudini Lakhe passed away in Gujarat.

• Awards and Honors:

  • Dr. D. Nageshwar Reddy, Chairman of AIG Hospital in Hyderabad, will receive the Legends of Endoscopy award in Tokyo.

• Technology and Finance:

  • Bank of Maharashtra opened the country's first ATM in Panchvati Express.
  • A "Black Box Lab" was launched in Delhi.
  • Quanergy Labs launched the world's first quantum-based platform, Q-Shield, in India.
  • Telangana renamed the Dharani portal to the Bhu Bharti portal for land security and transparency, to the Bhu Bharti portal.

• Historical Events:

  • Sir Shankaran Nair's advocacy against the British during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (April 13, 1919) was discussed.* Punjab: Milkfed promoted Verka brand using Punjabi imagery.

• Uttar Pradesh: Police's investigation, prosecution, and conviction portal received the Scoch Award.

• Japan: Constructed the world's first 3D-printed train station in 6 hours.

• India: Secured second place in the ISSF Shooting World Cup 2025 points table, after China.

• France: India purchased 26 Rafale M marine jets for its navy.

• Singapore: Changi Airport won the Best Airport award at the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2025.

• Dubai: Hosted the Global Justice, Love, and Peace Summit.

• India: Supreme Court set a 3-month deadline for the President to decide on state bills.

• Tamil Nadu: Hosted the Puducherry festival.

• Gujarat: Classical dancer Kumudini Lakhe passed away; awarded the Padma Vibhushan and known for Kathak.

• Mohun Bagan Super Giant: Won the Indian Football Super League 2024-25 title.

• James Anderson: Awarded a British knighthood for services to cricket.

• Odisha: Launched the integrated health insurance scheme by Union Health Minister JP Nadda.

• DRDO: Successfully tested the MK-II laser-guided weapon system.

• Delhi: Launched the Black Box Lab.

• Madhya Pradesh: Declared a new wildlife sanctuary in Sagar district, named after Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar.

• Telangana: Became the first state to implement the SC sub-classification act.

• Sourav Ganguly: Appointed chairman of the ICC Men's Cricket Committee.

• Economy:

  • RBI Repo Rate: 6%

• Infrastructure:

  • Indian Oil Corporation to establish a petrochemical complex in Paradip, Odisha.
  • Japan builds a 3D-printed train station in 6 hours.

• Awards and Recognition:

  • Gujarat ranked top in the Panchayat Unnati Index 2022-23 (E category).
  • Uttar Pradesh Police's investigation, prosecution, and conviction portal receives the Scooch Award.
  • Singapore Changi Airport wins the Skytrax World Airport Award 2025 for Best Airport.

• International Relations:

  • USA extradites 26/11 Mumbai terror attack accused, David Headley.
  • India purchases 26 Rafale M jets from France.

• Technology and Science:

  • Skyroot Aerospace successfully tests the Kalam-So engine for the Vikram-1 rocket.
  • Revival of a 10,000-year-old Dire Wolf in the USA.

• Geography and Culture:

  • GI tag awarded to the "Bilo Bat Namda Gabba" from Jammu & Kashmir.
  • Third BIMSTEC Agriculture Summit held in Nepal.
  • "Puthaadu Festival" discussed; location is Tamil Nadu.

• Politics and Governance:

  • Supreme Court sets a 3-month deadline for the President to decide on state bills (Article 200).
  • Inauguration of India's first Himalayan Climate Centre in Jammu & Kashmir by Union Minister Jitendra Singh.

• Sports:

  • Mohan Bagan Super Giant wins the Indian Football Super League 2024-25 title.
  • Virat Kohli becomes the first Indian cricketer to score 13,000 runs in T20 cricket.

• Other:

  • Jaspreet becomes India's first unicorn company in 2025.
  • "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge" is the first Indian film showcased at London's Leicester Square.
  • Punjab's Milkfed uses a Punjabi boy in its advertisement for the Verka brand.
  • India's position in the ISSF Shooting World Cup 2025 points table: Second place, after China.

• Religious Event: The Madhavpur Ghed Mela, marriage of Shri Krishna and Rukmini, held in Gujarat.

• Sports: Hitesh Gulia became the first Indian to win a gold medal in the 2025 World Boxing Cup, held in Brazil.

• Economics: Tamil Nadu achieved the highest real economic growth rate (9.69%) in fiscal year 2024-25.

• International Summit: The 150th Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) Summit was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

• Cultural Heritage: The Puri Jagannath Yatra and the Kakat Bali Yatra were included in the national list of intangible cultural heritage.

• Archaeology: Haryana declared Mithathal and Tigraana as protected archaeological sites.

• Awards: President Droupadi Murmu received the City of Honour Award from Lisbon, Portugal.

• Infrastructure: The Indian government announced the commencement of a nuclear submarine base, INS Varsha, in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. First all-women naval crew's sea voyage, 'INSV Tarini', started from Mumbai.

• Sports: Virat Kohli became the first Indian cricketer to score 13,000 runs in T20 cricket.

• Economy: The RBI set the repo rate at 6%. Gujarat secured the top position in the Panchayat Unnati Index 2022-23 (E category).

• Industry: Indian Oil Corporation will start a petrochemicals complex in Paradip with an investment of ₹1000 crore.

• Cultural Heritage: The GI tag was granted to the Biloh Bat Namda Gabba Tude Krel from Jammu and Kashmir.

• Science: The United States revived a 10,000-year-old extinct ice age Dire Wolf.

• Infrastructure: Union Minister Jitendra Singh inaugurated India's first Himalayan Climate Centre in Jammu and Kashmir.

• India's Current Affairs:

  • Rajasthan is the leading state in installing solar power plants at railway stations.
  • Andhra Pradesh launched the "Zero Poverty P4" policy initiative.
  • Hungary became the first European nation to withdraw from the International Criminal Court.
  • The Indian Army launched the Batalik Cricket League 25 in Ladakh.
  • Paradip Port Authority achieved the top rank in cargo handling in fiscal year 25.
  • Sri Lanka awarded Prime Minister Modi the 22nd International Mithra Vibhushan Award.
  • Mohsin Naqvi was appointed as the chairman of the Asian Cricket Council.
  • Thailand hosted the BIMSTEC summit this year; Bangladesh will host it next.
  • Prime Minister Modi inaugurated India's first vertical lift sea bridge, the New Pamban Bridge, in Tamil Nadu.
  • The Madhavpur Ghed Mela is held in Gujarat.
  • Hitesh Gulia became the first Indian to win a gold medal in the World Boxing Cup 25 in Brazil.
  • Tamil Nadu achieved the highest real economic growth rate (9.69%) in fiscal year 24-25.
  • The 150th Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) Summit was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
  • The Puri Jagannath Yatra and the Kटक Bali Yatra are included in the national list of intangible cultural heritage.
  • Haryana declared Mithathal and Tigraana as protected archaeological sites.

• International Affairs:

  • The International Criminal Court imposed a ban on the Israeli Prime Minister.

• Festivals and Cultural Events:

  • Sarhul festival celebrated in Jharkhand.
  • Ramleela performance by Prime Minister Modi in Thailand.

• Books and Publications:

  • Launch of Sanjeev Chopra's book, "The Great Conciliator," on Lal Bahadur Shastri.

• Government Initiatives and Policies:

  • Uttarakhand launches Bhagirath app for water conservation.
  • Madhya Pradesh launches "School Chalo Abhiyan" to increase school enrollment.
  • Central government launches "JUVIN" portal to monitor anti-rabies and anti-snake venom stock.
  • Andhra Pradesh launches "Zero Poverty" policy initiative.
  • Central Minister Prahlad Joshi inaugurates a 5.4 GW solar manufacturing plant in Gujarat.

• Military and Defense:

  • Russia unveils Zircon hypersonic missile.
  • Indian Army successfully tests FPBB combat drone in Punjab.
  • Indian Army launches Batalik Cricket League in Ladakh.

• International Relations and Politics:

  • Hungary becomes the first European nation to withdraw from the International Criminal Court.

• Sports:

  • Manisha Mounwala wins gold medal at Asian Wrestling Championship.
  • Vandana Katariya retires from international hockey.

• Infrastructure and Development:

  • Rajasthan leads in installing solar power plants at railway stations.
  • Prime Minister Modi inaugurates India's first vertical lift sea bridge, New Pamban Bridge, in Tamil Nadu.

• Awards and Honors:

  • Prime Minister Modi receives the 22nd International Friendship Award from Sri Lanka.
  • Mohsin Naqvi appointed as the chairman of the Asian Cricket Council.

• Other:

  • Paradip Port Authority secures top rank in cargo handling in FY25.* IIM Ahmedabad: Announced its first international campus in Dubai.

• International Air Transport Association (IATA): 81st Annual General Meeting and World Air Transport Summit held in New Delhi.

• International Yoga Day 2025: Theme is "Yoga for One Earth, One Health".

• Indian Army: Successfully tested FP-B kamikaze drone in Punjab.

• SpaceX: Successfully launched the first human mission to orbit Earth's poles, the "Polaris Dawn" mission.

• Commonwealth Secretary-General: Sarlie Boachie from Ghana, is the first African woman appointed.

• Asian Wrestling Championship: Manisha Bhanwala won the only gold medal for India.

• Vandana Katariya: Retired from international hockey.

• Sarhul Festival: Celebrated in Jharkhand, dedicated to the worship of the Sal tree.

• Book Launch: Sanjeev Chopra's "The Great Conciliator" is about Lal Bahadur Shastri.

• Bhagirath App: Launched by Uttarakhand for water conservation.

• Zircon Hypersonic Missile: Unveiled by Russia, travels at Mach 9.

• Solar Plant: Inaugurated in Gujarat by Prahlad Joshi, India's largest 5.4-gigawatt high-tech solar manufacturing plant.

• "School Chale Hum" Campaign: Launched in Madhya Pradesh to increase school enrollment.

• "Jivin" Portal: Launched by the central government to monitor anti-rabies and anti-snake venom stock.

• Ramleela Performance: PM Modi attended in Thailand during a BIMSTEC meeting in Bangkok.

• Startup Maha Kumbh: Inaugurated by Piyush Goyal in Delhi.

• State-wise Population Statistics (2011 Census):

  • Uttar Pradesh:
    • Highest total population.
    • Highest Scheduled Caste (SC) population (by headcount).
  • Madhya Pradesh: Highest Scheduled Tribe (ST) population (by headcount).
  • Sikkim: Lowest total population.
  • Bihar: Highest population density.
  • Arunachal Pradesh: Lowest population density.
  • Meghalaya: Highest population growth rate.
  • Nagaland: Negative population growth rate.
  • Kerala: Highest literacy rate, highest sex ratio.
  • Bihar: Lowest literacy rate.
  • Haryana: Lowest sex ratio.
  • Punjab: Highest SC population (by percentage).
  • Mizoram: Highest ST population (by percentage).
  • Goa: Highest urban population (percentage).
  • Maharashtra: Highest urban population (number).
  • Himachal Pradesh: Highest rural population (percentage).

• Sex Ratio (females per 1000 males):

  • Kerala: Highest (1084)
  • Haryana: Lowest (879)

• Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years):

  • Arunachal Pradesh: Highest (972)
  • Haryana: Lowest (834)

• Literacy Rate (2011):

  • Overall: 73% (Male: 80.09%, Female: 64.60%)
  • Kerala: Highest (94%)
  • Bihar: Lowest (61.80%)- Population Density:
  • Bihar: Highest population density in India (1106 people per sq km).
  • Arunachal Pradesh: Lowest population density (17 people per sq km).
  • Delhi: Highest population density among Union Territories.
  • India's average population density (2011): 382 persons per sq km.

• Sex Ratio:

  • India's overall sex ratio: 943 females per 1000 males.
  • Kerala: Highest sex ratio (1084 females per 1000 males).
  • Haryana: Lowest sex ratio (879 females per 1000 males).

• Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years):

  • Arunachal Pradesh: Highest child sex ratio.
  • Haryana: Lowest child sex ratio.

• Literacy Rate (2011):

  • India's overall literacy rate: 73%.
  • Male literacy rate: 80.09%.
  • Female literacy rate: 64.60%.

• Population Growth:

  • Nagaland: Negative population growth rate of -0.6% in 2011 (only state).
  • Meghalaya: Highest decadal growth rate at 27.9% (India's average: 17.7%).

• States by Population (2011):

  • Uttar Pradesh: 16.51% of India's population.
  • Maharashtra: 9.28%.
  • Bihar: 8.6%.
  • West Bengal: 7.54%.
  • Sikkim: 0.05% (lowest).
  • Mizoram: 0.09%.
  • Arunachal Pradesh: 0.11%.
  • Goa: 0.12%.

• Decadal Growth Rate (2001-2011):

  • Highest growth: Meghalaya (27.9%).
  • Lowest growth: Nagaland (-0.6%).

• 2011 Census:

  • 15th census in total; 7th since Indian independence.
  • Commissioner: Chandramouli.
  • Slogan: "Our Census, Our Future".
  • India's population: 1.21 billion (second to China at the time).

• Population Growth:

  • 1911-2001: 21.54% increase.
  • 2001-2011: 17.7% increase.

• 2011 Census Demographics:

  • Women: 48.53%.
  • Men: 51.47%.

• Largest and Smallest States/Union Territories (by Area):

  • Largest State: Rajasthan.
  • Smallest State: Goa.
  • Largest Union Territory: Ladakh.
  • Smallest Union Territory: Lakshadweep.

• Census History:

  • Began in 1872 under Viceroy Mayo.
  • Scientific/decennial basis in 1881 under Viceroy Ripon.
  • 1911-1921: "Great Divide Decade" (population decrease).
  • 1921: "Great Divide Year."