• Adani Group: Deployed India's first hydrogen-powered truck for mining logistics in Chhattisgarh.

• Sujanne Ley: Elected as Australia's first female opposition leader.

• Porter: Identified as India's third unicorn company.

• Yes Bank: SMB (Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation)'s 20% stake acquisition; SMB is based in Japan.

• Indore: Officially declared India's first beggar-free city.

• Indian Army: Conducted Operation Keller in Jammu and Kashmir.

• Maharashtra: Recorded the highest GST collection in 2024.

• Himanshu Rai: Author of the book "PMO: Years with the Prime Minister's Office."

• India's Major Ports: Handled 855 million tons of cargo.

• Bhutan: Launched the world's first national-level crypto tourism payment system.

• India's Archery Team: Won seven medals in the Shanghai Archery World Cup 2025 Stage 2.

• Sarhul Festival: Celebrated in Jharkhand, dedicated to tree worship.

• Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI):

  • Opened a new regional office in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Established in 1986.
  • Aims to boost river transport in the region, focusing on the Jhelum, Chenab, and Ravi rivers (also known as Vitasta, Asakni, and Parushni, respectively).

• Lok Sabha's One Nation One Election Bill: Introduced in Lok Sabha.

• Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy: Won by Mumbai in 2024.

• Passing of Environmentalist Tulsi Goda: Died in Karnataka.

• WHO Announcement of Ayurveda Coding and Record Day: Celebrated on January 10th.

• India's First Diabetes Biobank: Launched in Chennai.

• Vyas Samman Award: Awarded to Suryawala.- Bill Gates' Philanthropy: Bill Gates plans to donate 99% of his $168 billion fortune by age 45 (2045).

• Current Affairs Updates:

  • Dark Eagle hypersonic anti-missile system tested in the USA.
  • India's first diabetes biobank launched in Chennai.
  • Vyas Samman award given to Suryawala.
  • Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) opened a new regional office in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir; pre-existing offices are located in Patna, Kolkata, Guwahati, Varanasi, Bhubaneswar, and Kochi.
  • Trilateral air combat exercise "Desert Night" conducted between India, France, and the UAE.

• Location of Udaan Passenger Cafe: Udaan passenger cafe opened at the Subhas Chandra Bose Airport in Kolkata.

• Cyclone Shakthi:

  • Expected to hit Andaman and Nicobar Islands around May 23-28.
  • Will subsequently impact West Bengal and Odisha.
  • Named by Sri Lanka.
  • Low pressure forming in the Bay of Bengal.
  • Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) announced the cyclone; established in 1875.

• Other Current Events:

  • Google unveiled a revolutionary "Billo chip" in the quantum field.
  • Chhattisgarh Police received the President's Colour Award from Home Minister Amit Shah.
  • Cyclones Dana (named by Qatar) and Fengal (named by Saudi Arabia) mentioned.

• Environmental Awards: Madhav Gadgil received the Champions of the Earth Award from the United Nations.

• Person of the Year: Time magazine chose Donald Trump as Person of the Year.

• Chess Championship: D. Gukesh won the FIDE World Chess Championship at the youngest age and received India's highest sports award.

• Ayurveda Congress: The 10th World Ayurveda Congress and Arogya Expo 2024 was inaugurated in Uttarakhand.

• Dr. Subanna Ayyappan's Death: Dr. Subanna Ayyappan, known as the father of the Blue Revolution in India and a recipient of the 2022 Padma Shri award, was found dead in the Kaveri River in Karnataka. The cause of death is currently unknown.

• Indian Agricultural Revolutions:

  • Blue Revolution: Led by Dr. Subanna Ayyappan, focused on fisheries.
  • White Revolution: Led by Verghese Kurien, focused on milk production.
  • Golden Revolution (misnamed from "Gol" Revolution): Focused on potato production.
  • Pink Revolution: Focused on prawn production.* Dr. Subanna Ayappan:
  • Passed away; body found in the Kaveri River in Karnataka; cause of death unknown.
  • Previously served as the first head of fisheries at the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR).
  • Recipient of the 2022 Padma Shri award.
  • Known as the father of the Blue Revolution (India's fish production revolution).

• Blue Revolution:

  • Refers to the revolution in India's fish production sector, spearheaded by Dr. Subanna Ayappan.

• Indira Gandhi Peace Prize:

  • Varunika Misel Veslet, recipient of the 2024 Indira Gandhi Peace Prize, is from Chile.

• Bima Sakhi Yojana:

  • Prime Minister Modi launched the Bima Sakhi Yojana in Haryana.

• World Tennis Association Player of the Year:

  • Aryan Shubhlanka won the World Tennis Association's Player of the Year award.

• India's First Integrated Residual Management City:

  • Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh.

• New Chip Design Centers:

  • India's first 3-nanometer chip design centers have been inaugurated in Noida (Uttar Pradesh) and Bengaluru (Karnataka) by Ashwini Vaishnaw.
  • These centers will handle chip design, assembly, and testing.
  • The centers are being established by Renesas Electronics Private Limited.

• Gujarat Semiconductor Unit:

  • A significant semiconductor unit is being established in Sanand, Gujarat.

• Appointments:

  • Sanjay Malhotra appointed as the 26th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
  • Ajay Kumar, former Indian Defence Secretary, appointed as the new chairperson of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). His term will be 6 years or until he turns 65. He replaced Preeti Sud.
  • Jared Isaacman appointed as NASA Administrator.
  • Christopher Wray remains head of the FBI.

• Events:

  • Commissioning ceremony of the INS Tushil (multi-role stealth-guided missile frigate) held in Russia; attended by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.
  • Launch of India's first 3-nanometer chip design centers in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, and Bengaluru, Karnataka, by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw.

• Technology:

  • India launches its first 3-nanometer chip design centers, marking a significant advancement in chip technology (previously using 5 and 7 nanometer chips).* Appointments:
  • UPSC Chairman: Ajay Kumar appointed Chairman of UPSC under Article 316(1). Former Defence Secretary. Replaces Preti Sud. Term: 6 years or until age 65.
  • Canada Foreign Minister: Anita Anand sworn in.
  • NASA Administrator: Jared Isakman appointed by US President.

• International Politics:

  • Canada: Mark Carney formed a new government. Anita Anand (Indian origin) is Foreign Minister.

• Indian Judiciary:

  • 52nd Chief Justice of India: Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gawai assumed office on May 14, 2025, succeeding Justice Sanjeev Khanna. Term ends November 23, 2025. Sworn in by President Droupadi Murmu.
  • Article 124 of the Indian Constitution: appointment, oath, salary, removal of Supreme Court judges.
  • Justice Gawai is from Amravati, Maharashtra.
  • Supreme Court of India commenced operations on January 28, 1950. Justice Hiralal J. Kania was the first Chief Justice.

• Other:

  • Ayurveda Day: September 23rd.
  • Space Launch: ISRO launched Proba-V3 satellite using PSLV-C59.
  • Oxford Word of the Year 2024: "Brainrot" (excessive social media scrolling).
  • New Criminal Laws Implementation: Chandigarh is the first city to fully implement the laws.
  • Maharashtra Chief Minister: Eknath Shinde.* Observed Days:
  • Hope Day (World Hope Day): July 12th.
  • Meditation Day: December 21st.
  • Yoga Day: June 21st; 2023 theme: "Yoga for One Earth, One Health".
  • Ayurveda Day: September 23rd.

• Space Exploration:

  • ISRO launched the Proba-V3 satellite using the PSLV-C59.

• Awards and Recognition:

  • "Brain Rot" is the Oxford Word of the Year 2024, referring to distraction from excessive online scrolling.

• Legal Developments:

  • Chandigarh is the first city to fully implement new criminal laws.

• Equinoxes and Solstices:

  • March 21st: Vernal Equinox (equal day and night), celebrated as World Forestry Day.
  • September 23rd: Autumnal Equinox (equal day and night), celebrated as Ayurveda Day. The sun shines directly over the equator.
  • June 21st: Summer Solstice (longest day in Northern Hemisphere), celebrated as International Yoga Day. Sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° North). First celebrated in 2015.
  • December 22nd: Winter Solstice (longest night in Northern Hemisphere), also known as Sheet Ayanaant. Sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° South).

• Sports:

  • Pawan Kumar Kombeeli won a bronze medal for India at the first Asian Esports Games in Thailand.

• Infrastructure:

  • India's first vertical rail bridge, Pamban 2.0, was inaugurated in Tamil Nadu.
  • India's first Uber Shikara service launched in Srinagar on Dal Lake.

• Wildlife:

  • Ratapani was declared Madhya Pradesh's eighth tiger reserve.
  • Madhav National Park is also located in Madhya Pradesh.

• Ayurveda Day Details:

  • New Date: September 23rd (equinox), chosen by the Ministry of AYUSH.
  • Previous Date: Dhanteras (variable date).
  • AYUSH Acronym: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy.- India's Newest Tiger Reserves:
  • Dholpur-Karauli: Rajasthan (55th)
  • Guru Ghasidas: Chhattisgarh (56th)
  • Rata Pani: Madhya Pradesh (57th)
  • Madhav: Madhya Pradesh (58th)

• India's Newest National Park:

  • Simlipal National Park: Odisha

• UNESCO Biosphere Reserves:

  • 12 Indian biosphere reserves in UNESCO's network.
  • India has 18 biosphere reserves.
  • Oldest: Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.

• Largest and Smallest National Parks in India:

  • Largest: Hemis National Park
  • Smallest: South Button National Park (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)

• Other Current Affairs:

  • Pawan Kumar: Bronze medal, Asian Esports Games (Thailand).
  • Pamban 2.0: India's first vertical rail bridge (Tamil Nadu).
  • Uber Shikara service: First in India, Srinagar (Dal Lake).

• Spiti Valley Conservation Reserve (Thabapchu/Tashachhu):

  • Location: Himachal Pradesh.
  • Largest conservation reserve in India: 1585 sq km.
  • Known for snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population.

• Snow Leopard Census:

  • Ladakh ranked first.
  • Hemis National Park (Ladakh): Notable snow leopard population.
  • Hemis National Park: India's largest national park.

• UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage:

  • Garba dance (Gujarat): India's 15th site.

• UNESCO World Heritage Sites:

  • Moamoria (Ahom Royal Cemetery), Charaideo district, Assam: India's 43rd site.
    • 35 cultural, 7 natural, 1 mixed.

• UNESCO City of Music:

  • Gwalior.

• Living Museums:

  • Pune (Living water museum)

• Hornbill Festival:

  • Nagaland, December 1st (10-day festival).

• Joint Military Exercise:

  • Harimau Shakti: India and Malaysia.

• Syed Modi International Badminton Tournament:

  • Women's singles: P.V. Sindhu.

• Temporary District in Uttar Pradesh:

  • Prayagraj (during Kumbh Mela): 76th district (temporary).

• Kozhikode (Calicut) Designations:

  • UNESCO City of Literature.
  • UNESCO Age-Friendly City.
  • Headquarters of the Indian Spices Research Institute.

• UNESCO Memory of the World Register (India):

  • Bhagavad Gita.
  • Natyashastra.* UNESCO Water Heritage International Network:
  • Kozhikode Water Heritage Museum in India joined the network as the third Indian museum.

• Kozhikode City Designations:

  • UNESCO designated Kozhikode as a City of Literature.

• Qatar National Bank:

  • Opened its first branch in India's GIFT City, becoming the first bank from the Middle East and Africa to do so.

• Republic Day Parade:

  • Uttar Pradesh received the award for the best tableau (depicting the Maha Kumbh) at the 2025 Republic Day parade.

• India-Cambodia Military Exercise:

  • The Indian and Cambodian armies conducted their first joint tabletop exercise, "SINEX," in Pune.

• Social Media Ban:

  • Australia banned children under 16 from using social media.

• ICC Chairman:

  • Jay Shah was appointed as the youngest-ever chairman of the International Cricket Council (ICC).

• National News:

  • India's largest conservation reserve, the Tshrapchu Conservation Reserve (1585 sq km), was notified in Himachal Pradesh.

  • The central government designated September 23 as National Ayurveda Day.

  • Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurated India's first three 3nm chip design centers in Noida and Bengaluru.

  • Padma Shri awardee and "Father of Blue Revolution" Dr. Subanna Ayyappan passed away.

  • The India Meteorological Department predicted the formation of cyclone Shakti over the Andaman Sea.

  • The Inland Waterways Authority of India opened a regional office in Srinagar.

  • The Adani Group deployed India's first hydrogen-powered truck for mining logistics in Chhattisgarh.* State-wise Population Data:

  • Urban Population:

    • Goa has the highest percentage (62.2%) of urban population.
    • Maharashtra has the largest number of urban residents.
    • Uttar Pradesh is second in terms of urban population numbers.

  • Scheduled Caste (SC) Population:

    • Uttar Pradesh has the largest SC population (over 50 million).
    • Punjab has the highest percentage of SC population (approximately 32%).

  • Scheduled Tribe (ST) Population:

    • Madhya Pradesh has the largest ST population (approximately 15 million).
    • Mizoram has the highest percentage of ST population (approximately 94%).

  • Overall Population:

    • Uttar Pradesh has the largest overall population.
    • Sikkim has the smallest.

  • Population Density:

    • Bihar has the highest population density (1106 persons per sq km).
    • Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest (17 persons per sq km).
    • Delhi has the highest population density among Union Territories.

  • Population Growth Rate:

    • Meghalaya has the highest growth rate (27.9%).
    • Nagaland has a negative growth rate (-0.6%).

  • Literacy Rate:

    • Kerala has the highest literacy rate (94%).
    • Bihar has the lowest literacy rate (61.80%).
    • Overall India's literacy rate is 73% (2011 data), with 80.09% male literacy and 64.60% female literacy.

  • Sex Ratio:

    • Kerala has the highest sex ratio (1084 women per 1000 men).
    • Haryana has the lowest (879 women per 1000 men).

• Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years):

  • Highest: Arunachal Pradesh (972 girls per 1000 boys)
  • Lowest: Haryana (834 girls per 1000 boys)

• Population Density:

  • India's population density in 2011 was 382 persons per square kilometer.- Indian States: Population & Density (2011 Census)
  • Highest Population: Uttar Pradesh (16.51% of India's population)
  • Second Highest Population: Maharashtra (9.28% of India's population)
  • Third Highest Population: Bihar (8.6% of India's population)
  • Fourth Highest Population: West Bengal (7.54% of India's population)
  • Lowest Population: Sikkim (0.05% of India's population)
  • Second Lowest Population: Mizoram (0.09% of India's population)
  • Third Lowest Population: Arunachal Pradesh (0.11% of India's population)
  • Fourth Lowest Population: Goa (0.12% of India's population)
  • Highest Decadal Growth (2001-2011): Meghalaya (27.9%)
  • Lowest Decadal Growth (2001-2011): Nagaland (-0.6%)
  • Highest Population Density: Bihar (1106 persons/sq km)

• 2011 Census:

  • 15th census in total.
  • 7th census since Indian independence.
  • Census Commissioner: Chandramouli.
  • Slogan: "Our Census, Our Future".
  • India's population: 1.21 billion (second to China in 2011, currently first).

• Population Growth:

  • 1911-2001: 21.54% growth.
  • 2001-2011: 17.7% growth.
  • Gender distribution: 48.53% female, 51.47% male.

• States by Area:

  • Largest: Rajasthan.
  • Smallest: Goa.
  • Largest Union Territory: Ladakh.
  • Smallest Union Territory: Lakshadweep.

• States by Population:

  • Largest: Uttar Pradesh (16.51% of India's population).
  • Second largest: Maharashtra (9.28%).
  • Third largest: Bihar (8.6%).
  • Fourth largest: West Bengal (7.54%).
  • Smallest: Sikkim (0.05% of India's population).
  • Second smallest: Mizoram (0.09%).
  • Third smallest: Arunachal Pradesh (0.11%).
  • Fourth smallest: Goa (0.12%).

• Decadal Growth (10-year):

  • Highest growth rate: Meghalaya (27.9%).

• Census History:

  • Census began in 1872 under Viceroy Mayo, scientifically in 1881 under Viceroy Ripon.
  • Conducted every 10 years.
  • The 2011 census was the 15th overall and 7th since Indian independence.
  • The 1911-1921 decade is referred to as the "Great Divide Decade" due to a population decrease caused by famines and epidemics; 1921 is called the "Great Divide Year."
  • 2011 Census Commissioner: Chandramouli.
  • 2011 Census motto: "Our Census, Our Future."

• 2011 Census Data:

  • India's population in 2011 was 1.21 billion, second to China at the time. Currently, India is ranked first.
  • Population growth from 1911 to 2001: 21.54%
  • Population growth from 2001 to 2011: 17.7%
  • Female population: 48.53%
  • Male population: 51.47%

• Largest and Smallest States/Union Territories (2011 Census):

  • Largest state by area: Rajasthan
  • Smallest state by area: Goa
  • Largest Union Territory by area: Ladakh
  • Smallest Union Territory by area: Lakshadweep