• Economic Indicators:

  • RBI Repo Rate: 6%

• Index & Rankings:

  • Panchayat Unnati Index Frontrunner: Gujarat
  • India's Rank in Solar and Wind Power Generation: Third

• Infrastructure & Projects:

  • Indian Oil Corporation Petrochemicals Complex Location: Paradip, Odisha
  • Himalayan Climate Center Location: Udhampur, Jammu & Kashmir

• Culture & Heritage:

  • Namda Gaba Cruel Bilobed Location: Jammu & Kashmir
  • First Kannada Film "Hot Lamp": Directed by Bhanu Mustaq

• International Relations:

  • Aakarshak Conference Location: Nepal
  • US Reintroduction of Dyer Bull

• Technology & Space:

  • Vikram-S engine: Developed by Skyroot Aerospace

• Sports:

  • Champions Trophy Winner: India

• Obituaries

  • M.T. Vasudevan Nair: Jnanpith Award winner from Kerala.

• Technology

  • Nvidia: Unveiled the Jetson and its nano super generative AI supercomputer.

• Finance and Economy

  • RBI Panel on AI: Reserve Bank of India formed an eight-member panel, headed by Dr. Pushpak Bhattacharya, to outline responsible AI use in the financial sector.

• International Relations

  • Russia's Invitation to PM Modi: Russia invited Prime Minister Modi to the May 9th Victory Day parade in Moscow. Commemorates the German surrender on May 9th, 1945, marking the end of WWII in Europe.

• Important Days

  • Mahavir Swami Jayanti: Celebrated on April 10th (Also Mahavir Jayanti celebrated on April 10, 2025).
  • World Homeopathy Day: Celebrated on April 10th. Commemorates Samuel Hahnemann (from Germany), the founder of homeopathy. The 2024 theme was "Study and Research".
  • Veer Baal Divas: Celebrated on December 26th.
  • Navkar Mantra Day: Celebrated on April 9th.

• Jainism

  • Triratnas of Jainism: Samyak Darshan, Samyak Charitra, Samyak Gyan.
  • First Tirthankara: Adinath (also known as Rishabhdev).
  • Division of Jainism: Split into Svetambara and Digambara sects.
    • Svetambara: Founded by Sthulabhadra; followers wear white clothes.
    • Digambara: Founded by Bhadrabahu; followers wear no clothes.
  • Mahavira Swami: Added Brahmacharya to the four principles (Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Aparigraha) established by Parsvanath.
    • Birthplace: Kundalgrama, Vaishali, Bihar.
    • Mother's name: Trishala.
    • Father's name: Siddhartha.
    • Achieved Moksha in Pavapuri.
    • Nickname: Jin (conqueror of senses).
    • 24th and final Tirthankara of Jainism.
    • Introduced the principle of Brahmacharya (celibacy) to the existing four principles (Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Aparigraha) established by Parsvanath, the 23rd Tirthankara.
    • Birth Name: Vardhamana.
    • The attainment of knowledge is called Kaivalya.
  • Five principles: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truth), Asteya (non-stealing), Aparigraha (non-attachment), Brahmacharya (celibacy).

• Awards

  • Manmohan Singh: Awarded the Padma Vibhushan. Authored the book Changing India.

• Defense

  • INS Nilgiri: Stealth frigate associated with Project 17A.

• Awards and Recognition:

  • Uttar Pradesh Police's investigation, prosecution, and conviction portal received the Scooch Award.
  • The award was received by Uttar Pradesh DGP Prashant Kumar. The portal aids in identifying crimes related to mafia activities, rape, and POCSO cases.

• Sporting Events:

  • The 2025 Women's Kabaddi World Cup was held in Bihar.

• Religious Observances:

  • Hanukkah is a Jewish festival.
  • Mahavir Jayanti was celebrated on April 10, 2025.

• Political Figures and Books:

  • Manmohan Singh's past roles included serving as RBI Governor, Finance Minister, and Prime Minister of India (2004-2014).
  • He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan (in 1987) and authored the book "Changing India".

• Defense:

  • The INS Nilgiri, a stealth frigate, was inducted into the Indian Navy. It's associated with Project 17A.

• Space Missions:

  • SPADEX mission, launched via PSLV-C60 by ISRO, possibly on December 30, 2024.

• Government Appointments:

  • IAS Ajay Kumar Bhalla appointed as the Governor of Manipur.

• Brands and Mascots:

  • Milkfed (Punjab) launched a new brand, "Verka," with a mascot named "Veera," a smiling Sikh child whose name means "brother."

• Republic Day:

  • Republic Day Parade 2025 Theme: "Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas" (Golden India: Heritage and Development).
  • The Indonesian President was among the attendees.

• National Symbols:

  • The bald eagle was officially declared the national bird of the USA.

• Military Exercises:

  • Joint Maritime Exercise Hoptek: Conducted between India and Vietnam in Kochi.

• Rankings and Recognition:

  • Wall Street Journal's "Go-To Global Destinations for 2025" List: Madhya Pradesh included.

• Organizations:

  • National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): Current Chairperson: V. Ramasubramaniam. Established on October 12, 1993.

• Books:

  • "Chonk" by Abhijit Banerjee (Nobel laureate in Economics).

• Global Technology Summit:

  • Ninth edition held in Delhi.
  • Inaugurated by S Jaishankar, India's Minister of External Affairs.
  • Theme: "Opportunities."
  • Organized by the Ministry of External Affairs and Carnegie India.
  • Focused on Artificial Intelligence and cybersecurity.

• Hoptek Joint Maritime Exercise:

  • Conducted in Kochi.
  • Participants: India and Vietnam.

• Wall Street Journal's "Go-to Global Destinations for 2025" list:

  • Included Madhya Pradesh.

• Sports:

  • The Indian women's cricket team won the first Under-19 T20 Women's Asia Cup by defeating Bangladesh.

• Environment:

  • According to the 18th Forest Report 2023, Chhattisgarh showed the maximum forest growth.

• Economy:

  • The 55th meeting of the GST Council, chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, was held in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.
  • The GST Council is mentioned in Article 279A of the Constitution, and was established through the 101st Constitutional Amendment.

• Literature:

  • Deepa Malik's autobiography is titled "Bring It On: The Incredible Story of My Life."
  • Srinkeer received the Sahitya Akademi Award in the English category.
  • Gagan Gill received the Sahitya Akademi Award in the Hindi category.

• President Droupadi Murmu's Visit to Slovakia:

  • First presidential visit to Slovakia in 29 years.
  • Previous visit by President Shankar Dayal Sharma in 1996.
  • Slovakia's capital: Bratislava.
  • Slovakia's President: Peter Pellegrini.
  • Inauguration of India-Slovakia Business Forum in Bratislava.

• Begging Ban in Indore:

  • Begging has been declared a crime in Indore from January 2025.

• Iceland's Youngest Prime Minister:

  • Katrin Jakobsdottir is Iceland's Prime Minister.

• PM Modi's Award:

  • Prime Minister Modi was awarded the Order of Mubarak Al-Kabir by Kuwait.

• Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (DDLJ) Film Anniversary and London Exhibition:

  • Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge completed 30 years in 2025.
  • A scene from the film will be displayed as a bronze statue at London's Scenes in the Square.

Startup India Mission

• The Startup India mission began on January 16, 2016.

Awards

• FIFA Best Men's Player of the Year award was given to Vinicius Junior.
• The British Security Council's prestigious Sword of Honour award was given to the Ram Mandir in Ayodhya.

Medical Developments

• Russia announced the development of an mRNA vaccine for cancer.

Agricultural Developments

• The Indian Spice Research Institute, Kochi, launched a new ginger variety called "Sursaa."

Film Milestone

• Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (DDLJ) is the first Indian film to be shown at London's Leicester Square. To commemorate the film's 30th anniversary in 2025, a bronze statue depicting a scene from the movie will be installed at London's Scenes in the Square. The film was produced by Yash Raj Films, directed by Aditya Chopra, and stars Shahrukh Khan and Kajol.

Jaspe Company

• A Bengaluru-based payment infrastructure company.
• Founded in 2012 by Vimal Kumar and Sheetal Lalwani.
• Achieved unicorn status (valuation exceeding $1 billion).
• Aims to reduce manual work for businesses by providing dashboards for online payments.

ISRO's Cryogenic Engine Test

• ISRO successfully tested the C20 cryogenic engine in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.

2008 Mumbai Attacks

• The main accused, Tahwwur Rana, fled to Canada after the attacks and was extradited from the USA to India. Pakistan has disavowed him.
• Approximately 175 people died in the attacks on locations including the Taj Hotel and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus. David Headley made 250 calls and played a significant role in the attacks.

Naval Commissioning

• The second survey vessel, IAS Director, was commissioned in Visakhapatnam.

Sports

• Norway's first TT Warden Cup: Manika Batra was the only Indian player in the winning Asian team. (The Warden Cup is related to table tennis).

JUSPAY

• JUSPAY is a payment infrastructure company headquartered in Bengaluru that is India's first unicorn company of 2025.

• One Nation, One Election:

  • Constitutional amendment introduced in Lok Sabha.
  • Ram Nath Kovind Committee responsible.

• Sports:

  • Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy winner: Mumbai (2024)

• Events:

  • Gadhimai Festival (animal sacrifice): Nepal

• Obituaries:

  • Tulsi Gowda (Encyclopedia of Forests): Died in Karnataka

• Extradition:

  • Tahawwur Rana (2008 Mumbai attacks): Extradited from USA to India (Delhi's Palam Airport, taken to NIA headquarters).
  • Pakistani-origin Canadian citizen. Pakistan has disowned him.

• International Organizations:

  • World Trade Organization (WTO):
    • Established: January 1, 1995
    • Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
    • First female head: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
  • World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF):
    • Established: 1945 (Bretton Woods Conference 1944)
    • Headquarters: Washington, D.C.
    • World Bank head: Ajay Banga
  • World Economic Forum (WEF):
    • Established: 1971
    • Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
    • Davos winter meeting

• India Skills Accelerator (ISA):

  • Launched by Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship and World Economic Forum.
  • Focus: Enhance skills, future skill requirements, adapt skill development, change mindsets.
  • Public-private partnership.
  • Co-heads: Sanjeev Bajaj and Shobhana Kamineni.

• Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP):

  • UK joined, first European nation to join.

• Recent Deaths:

  • Zakir Hussain (tabla player): Padma Shri (1988), Padma Bhushan (2002), Padma Vibhushan (2023).

• Military Exercises:

  • SLINEX: India-Sri Lanka naval exercise.

• Awards:

  • Vyas Samman: Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' (24th).

• Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR):

  • Highest: Nigeria (28.7%)
  • Second: India & Democratic Republic of Congo (7.2%)
  • Third: Pakistan (4.1%)
  • India (Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu): Below 70.

• United Nations (UN):

  • Founded: October 24, 1945
  • Headquarters: Manhattan, New York City
  • 193 member states
  • Latest member: South Sudan
  • Secretary-General: António Guterres (Portugal)
  • First Secretary-General: Trygve Lie (Norway)

* **Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR):**

  *   UN report (2000-2023) indicates MMR is calculated per 100,000 live births.
  *   Nigeria: Highest MMR (28.7% of global maternal deaths).
  *   India & Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire): Second highest (7.2% each).
  *   Pakistan: Third highest (4.1%).
  *   India's MMR is lower in Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu (below 70 per 100,000 live births).

*   **India Skills Accelerator:** Launched by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship in collaboration with the World Economic Forum.

*   **Extradition:** USA extradited Tahawwur Rana (2008 Mumbai attacks suspect) to India.

*   **Unicorn Company:** Jaspreet Bains' company became India's first unicorn company of 2025.

*   **Film Premiere:** A DDLJ film will be the first Indian film to premiere in London's Leicester Square ("Scenes in the Square").

*   **Presidential Visit:** President Droupadi Murmu visited Slovakia (first such visit in 29 years).

*   **Global Technology Summit:** Ninth edition held in New Delhi.

*   **Milkfed Branding:** Punjab's Milkfed launched "Veera" as its brand mascot.

*   **UP Police Portal Award:** Received the SKOCH award.

*   **Mahavir Jayanti:** Prime Minister Modi's greetings on April 10, 2025.

*   **Victory Day Parade:** Russia invited Prime Minister Modi to the May 9th Victory Day parade.

*   **September Observances:**
    *   International Literacy Day: September 8th
    *   National Hindi Day: September 14th (Hindi adopted as official language in 1949)
    *   National Engineers Day: September 15th
    *   World Ozone Day: September 16th (Montreal Protocol signed in 1987)
    *   World Bamboo Day: September 18th
    *   International Peace Day: September 21st
    *   World Alzheimer's Day: September 21st
    *   World Rivers Day: September 24th
    *   World Tourism Day: September 27th
    *   World Heart Day: September 29th
    *   International Coffee Day: October 1st

*   **October Observances:**
    *   International Day of Non-Violence: October 2nd (Gandhi Jayanti)
    *   World Teachers' Day: October 5th
    *   International Day of the Girl Child: October 11th
    *   World Sight Day: October 12th
    *   International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction: October 13th
    *   World Students' Day: October 15th (Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam's birthday)
    *   World Food Day: October 16th (FAO founded in 1945)
    *   World Statistics Day: October 20th
    *   United Nations Day: October 24th
    *   World Polio Day: October 24th
    *   National Unity Day: October 31st (Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's birthday)

*   **November Observances:**
    *   International Day for Biological Diversity: November 3rd
    *   World Tsunami Awareness Day: November 5th
    *   National Legal Services Day: November 9th (NALSA established)
    *   Ayurveda Day: November 10th
    *   National Education Day: November 11th
    *   National Public Service Broadcasting Day: November 12th
    *   National Milk Day: November 26th (Constitution Day)

*   **December Observances:**
    *   World AIDS Day: December 1st
    *   World Computer Literacy Day: December 2nd
    *   World Soil Day: December 5th
    *   Armed Forces Flag Day: December 7th
    *   International Human Rights Day: December 10th (Universal Declaration of Human Rights presented in 1948)
    *   International Mountain Day: December 11th
    *   Vijay Diwas: December 16th
    *   First World Basketball Day: December 21st (2023)
    *   National Mathematics Day: December 22nd (Ramanujan's birthday)
    *   National Farmers' Day: December 23rd (Choudhary Charan Singh's birthday)
    *   National Consumer Day: December 24th
    *   Good Governance Day: December 25th (Atal Bihari Vajpayee's birthday)
    *   Veer Baal Diwas: December 26th
    *   International Day of Epidemic Preparedness: December 27th

*   **Other Observances:**
    *   Startup India Day: January 16th (2016 launch date)
    *   National Girl Child Day: January 24th
    *   Martyrs' Day: January 30th (Gandhi's death) and March 23rd (Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev execution)
    *   World Cancer Day: February 4th
    *   Pravasi Bharatiya Divas: January 9th
    *   Parakram Diwas: January 23rd (Subhas Chandra Bose's birthday)
    *   Panchayati Raj Day: April 24th (73rd Constitutional Amendment)
    *   Civil Services Day: April 21st
    *   World Labour Day: May 1st
    *   World Milk Day: June 1st
    *   Kargil Vijay Diwas: July 26th
    *   Air Force Day: October 8th
    *   Toilet Day: November 19th
    *   Braille Day: January 4th
    *   Coast Guard Day: February 1st
    *   Deworming Day: February 10th
    *   World Wildlife Day: March 3rd
    *   National Technology Day: May 11th
    *   Anti-Terrorism Day: May 21st
```- **June Observances:**
    - World Refugee Day: June 20th
    - International Yoga Day: June 21st. Theme: Yoga for Humanity.
    - United Nations Public Service Day: June 23rd
    - Olympic Day: June 23rd
    - Constitution Day (India): June 25th

- **July Observances:**
    - National Doctor's Day (India): July 1st
    - World Population Day: July 11th
    - Nelson Mandela International Day: July 18th
    - World Chess Day: July 20th
    - International Tiger Day: July 29th

- **August Observances:**
    - World Wide Web Day: August 1st
    - Hiroshima Day: August 6th
    - National Handicraft Day (India)/National Handloom Day (India): August 7th
    - World Tribal Day/World Indigenous Peoples Day: August 9th
    - World Lion Day: August 10th
    - International Elephant Day: August 12th
    - National Space Day (India): August 23rd (commemorates Chandrayaan-3's lunar landing)
    - National Sports Day (India): August 29th
    - World Sanskrit Day: August 31st

- **September Observances:**
    - National Teacher's Day (India): September 5th
    - International Charity Day: September 5th
    - International Police Cooperation Day: September 7th
    - International Literacy Day: September 8th
    - National Hindi Day (India): September 14th
    - International Democracy Day: September 15th
    - National Engineers' Day (India): September 15th
    - World Ozone Day: September 16th
    - World Bamboo Day: September 18th
    - International Peace Day: September 21st
    - World Alzheimer's Day: September 21st
    - World Rivers Day: September 24th
    - World Tourism Day: September 27th
    - World Heart Day: September 29th
    - International Coffee Day: October 1st

- **April:**
    * International Earth Day: April 22nd. Theme: "Invest in our planet".
    * World Book and Copyright Day: April 23rd.
    * World Malaria Day: April 25th.
    * World Intellectual Property Day: April 26th.

- **May:**
    * World Press Freedom Day: May 3rd.
    * World Red Cross Day: May 8th.
    * World Thalassemia Day: May 8th.
    * International Nurses Day: May 12th.
    * International Family Day: May 15th.
    * International Day of Light: May 16th.
    * International Museum Day: May 18th.
    * World Metrology Day: May 20th. Theme: "Measuring our world for a sustainable future"/"Measuring our world for a sustainable tomorrow".
    * International Day for Biological Diversity: May 22nd. Theme: "Building a shared future for all life".
    * World Football Day: May 25th.
    * First International Potato Day: May 30th./International Potato Day: May 30th
    * World No Tobacco Day: May 31st.

- **June:**
    * World Environment Day: June 5th. Theme: Land restoration/Solutions to Plastic Pollution.
    * World Food Safety Day: June 7th.
    * World Oceans Day: June 8th. Theme: "Planet Ocean: Tides are turning"/"Planet Ocean: Tides are changing".
    * First International Day of Sport for Development and Peace: June 11th. Theme: Sport for a better world.
    * World Blood Donor Day: June 14th.
    * World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought: June 17th.
    * International Day of Solidarity with Victims of Torture: June 26th.
    * International Day of the Fight Against Hate Speech (June 18th)
    * World Refugee Day: June 20th.

 - **January 2024:**
    - National Youth Day (January 12th): Theme linked Hindi traditional knowledge and artificial intelligence.
    - Indian Army Day (January 15th)
    - International Education Day (January 24th)
    - National Girl Child Day (January 24th)
    - National Voters' Day (January 25th)
    - National Tourism Day (January 25th)
    - Republic Day (January 26th): Theme "Mother of Democracy and Developed India".

- **February:**
    - World Pulses Day (February 10th): Theme "Pulses: Nutritious for People, Planet & Prosperity".
    - World Radio Day (February 13th)
    - International Mother Language Day (February 21st)
    - National Science Day (February 28th)

- **March:**
    - Zero Discrimination Day (March 1st)
    - International Women's Day (March 8th)
    - International Mathematics Day (March 14th)
    - World Consumer Rights Day (March 15th)
    - National Vaccination Day (March 16th): Theme "Vaccines work for everyone".
    - World Sleep Day (March 21st)
    - World Water Day (March 22nd): Theme "Water for Peace".
    - World Meteorological Day (March 23rd)
    - World Tuberculosis Day (March 24th): Theme "Yes, we can end TB".

- **April:**
    - National Maritime Day (April 5th)
    - World Health Day (April 7th): Theme "My health, my right".
    - World Homeopathy Day (April 10th)
    - World Hemophilia Day (April 17th)
    - World Heritage Day (April 18th): Theme "Discover and experience diversity".