• FIFA Women's World Cup: Will be held in Australia and New Zealand.

• Kailash Mansarovar Yatra: Resumption after 5 years, starting from Lipu Lekh Pass.

• Asia's First Level 5 Carbon-Certified Airport: Bengaluru Kempegowda Airport.

• India Steel 2025: Held in Mumbai.

• Poverty Alleviation: India lifted 17.1 crore people out of poverty in a decade.

• WT Contender 25 Winners: Manush Shah and Diya Chitale won in Tunisia.

• World Intellectual Property Day: April 26th.

• Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters: Payal Khandwala received this award in France.

• Air India Chairman: Nipun Aggarwal.

• Shulamn 25: Second edition launched by the Ministry of Food Processing in Kundli, Haryana.

• Modi Bodhi Museum: Located in Bihar.

• "Beyond the Courtroom" Book: Authored by Fali S. Nariman.

• Goldman Environmental Award: Awarded to Batuk Lubansuren from Mongolia.

• DRDO Scramjet Engine Test: Successful 1000-second ground test conducted in Hyderabad.

• USA's Official Language: English.- Asian Film Awards: All We Imagine as Light won Best Film at the 25th Asian Film Awards.

• Assam Rifles: Appointed its first female dog handler, Sri Lakshmi.

• Padma Awards 2024:

  • A total of 149 Padma Awards were conferred.
  • 7 Padma Vibhushan
  • 19 Padma Bhushan
  • 113 Padma Shri
  • Awards announced on January 26th and presented later.

• Padma Vibhushan Recipients (Key Individuals):

  • Nageshwar Reddy (Medicine)
  • Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar (Public Affairs)
  • Kumudini Lakhia (Dance, posthumous)
  • Lakshminarayan Subramaniam (Violin, Arts)
  • T. Vasudevan Nair (Education and Literature, posthumous)
  • Sharada Sinha (Folk Singer from Bihar, posthumous)
  • Osamu Suzuki (Japan, posthumous, contribution to India's automobile industry)

• Space Exploration: Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore returned to Earth after 9 months in space via SpaceX's Crew Dragon capsule.

• Terrorism & Extradition: The USA extradited Tahawwur Rana, accused in the 2008 Mumbai attacks, to India.

• Unicorn Company: Jaspe is India's 25th unicorn company.

• Operation Brahma: India launched Operation Brahma to provide aid to Myanmar following a recent earthquake.

• Sachhet App: Developed by the National Disaster Management Authority, provides information and alerts about natural disasters (floods, landslides, cyclones, tsunamis, heatwaves) and daily weather updates.

• Vikram-S Rocket Engine Test: Skyroot Aerospace successfully tested the Kalam engine for the Vikram-S rocket.

• BIMSTEC Agriculture Ministerial Meeting: The third BIMSTEC Agriculture Ministerial Conference was held in Nepal, with Shivraj Singh Chouhan representing India.

• Kabaddi World Cup: The first Kabaddi World Cup outside Asia was held in London (England), with India winning.

• Oldest International Cricket Debut: Mathew Brownlee debuted in international cricket at age 62.* International Booker Prize: Hot Lamp, a Kannada-language book by Banu Mustak, was shortlisted for the 2025 International Booker Prize.

• Himalayan Climate Centre: India's first Himalayan Climate Centre was inaugurated in Jammu and Kashmir by Union Minister Jitendra Singh.

• Insurance Companies: LIC (Life Insurance Corporation), New India Assurance (NIC), and GIC (General Insurance Corporation) were mentioned as three significant insurance companies.

• Bengaluru Water Board: Bengaluru Water Board received the BIS certification for its piped drinking water supply management system.

• Sachet App: The "Sachet" app, developed by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), provides information and alerts on various natural disasters (floods, landslides, cyclones, tsunamis, heatwaves) and daily weather updates.

• Madhusudan Sai Awarded Fiji's Highest Honor: Madhusudan Sai, a resident of Karnataka, received the Companion of the Order, Fiji's highest honor, for his work in education and healthcare for underprivileged children.

• Fiji's Geography and Nickname: Fiji is located in the Pacific Ocean, its capital is Suva, and it's known as the "Soft Coral Capital of the World."

• Indian Oil Corporation Investment: Indian Oil Corporation will invest ₹61,000 crore to establish a world-class petrochemicals complex in Osa.

• Resurrected Dire Wolf: A 10,000-year-old Dire Wolf from the Ice Age was recently revived in the US.

• Saturn's Moons: Saturn now has 274 moons, with 128 newly discovered.

• Delhi Metro's Cargo Service: Delhi Metro Corporation became the first to launch an urban cargo service.

• Newly Discovered Galaxy:

  • Galaxy named LEDA 133424.
  • Ring-shaped structure ("bulls-eye" appearance).
  • Nine bright stars surrounding the galaxy.
  • Discovered by the Hubble Telescope.
  • 2.5 times larger than the Milky Way.- Workplace Safety and Health Day:

• Date: April 28th

• Theme: Revolution in health and safety

• RBI Repo Rate:

  • Current Rate: 6%
  • Also Known As: Policy Rate, Repurchasing Option

• Hockey India Awards:

  • Balbir Singh Sr. Award (Best Male Player): Harmanpreet Singh (also received Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award)

• Women's Premier League:

  • Winner: Mumbai Indians

• Panchayat Unnati Index 2022-23:

  • A Category Rank 1: Gujarat

• Galaxy Discovery:

  • Nickname: Bulls Eye Galaxy
  • Real Name: LEDA 1313424
  • Composition: Nine bright rings of stars

• Chernobyl Disaster:

  • Date: April 26, 1986
  • Location: Chernobyl, Ukraine (formerly Soviet Union)
  • Event: Nuclear reactor accident resulting in radiation leakage

• India's Port in Iran:

  • Chabahar Port (constructed by India)

• First All-Women Naval Expedition:

  • Vessel: IASV Triveni
  • Starting Location: Mumbai

• Khelo India Winter Games 2025:

  • Winner: Haryana

• Raisina Dialogue (10th Edition):

  • Chief Guest: Prime Minister of New Zealand

• T20 Runs Record:

  • Virat Kohli: First Indian cricketer to score 13,000 runs in T20 cricket

• Iran Explosion:

  • Date: April 28th
  • Location: Shahid Rajaee Port, Iran
  • Cause: Detonation of solid fuel for missiles
  • Impact: Tremors felt up to 50km away
  • Response: National day of mourning declared by Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi

• Ramsar Sites (India):

  • Current Number: 89

• Indian Army Winter Games:

  • Winner: Indian Army

• Ramsar Convention:

  • Date: February 2, 1971
  • Location: Ramsar, Iran
  • Focus: Wetlands* International Yoga Day:
    • Date: June 21st.
    • Started in 2015.
    • 2025 marks its 11th year.
    • Theme: Yoga for One Earth One Health.

• Sports: 25th Asian Youngest Sports Championship for Yoga concluded.

• Awards and Honors: President Droupadi Murmu received a City of Honor from Lisbon, Portugal.

• State Government Initiatives: Tamil Nadu state government replaced the rupee symbol with the Tamil language symbol on its documents.

• Festivals: Attukal Pongala festival was celebrated in Kerala.

• Nuclear Submarine Base: The Indian government launched the INS Varsha nuclear submarine base in Andhra Pradesh.

• National Mourning in Iran: Following a deadly explosion at the Shahid Rajaee port in Iran (April 28th), Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi declared a national day of mourning. The explosion involved solid fuel tanks for missiles. The blast was felt 50 km away.

• Sporting Events:

  • 87 medals won by India in a sporting event held in Delhi's KD Jadhav Sports Complex (previously held in Bangkok). India ranked first, Japan second. Mansukh Mandavia inaugurated the event.
  • 17th TCS World 10K Bengaluru: Joshua Cheptegei (male) and Sarah (female), both from Uganda, won.

• India's Performance in a Sporting Event: India won 87 medals, including 83 gold, 3 silver, and 1 bronze. India topped the points table, with Japan in second place. The event was held at the KD Jadhav Khel Parisar in Delhi. Mansukh Mandaviya, India's Sports Minister, inaugurated the event.

• 2nd Asian Yogasana Sports Championship:

  • Second edition held at KD Jadhav Sports Complex, Delhi.
  • First edition held in 2022 in Bangkok, Thailand.
  • India won a total of 87 medals: 83 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze.
  • India ranked first, Japan second.
  • Mansukh Mandaviya (India's Sports Minister) inaugurated the championship.

• Sports Records:

  • Vaibhav Suryavanshi holds three IPL records: second-fastest century (35 balls), youngest centurion, and most sixes in an innings by an Indian player (11 sixes).

• International Events:

  • The 150th Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) summit was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
  • India and Bangladesh conducted the Bongosagar exercise in the Bay of Bengal.
  • The IIFA Awards 2023 Best Film award went to Lapata Ladies, directed by Kiran Rao.
  • Haryana declared Mithathal and Tigrana as archaeological sites.- Vaibhav Suryavanshi's IPL Records:
  • Second fastest century in IPL history (35 balls), after Chris Gayle (30 balls).
  • Youngest player to score a century in IPL history.
  • Highest number of sixes (11) by an Indian player in a single IPL innings.

• Other Current Affairs:

  • 150th Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) summit held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
  • Indian Navy conducted "Bongosagar" exercise in the Bay of Bengal with Bangladesh.
  • Best Film at the 25th IIFA Awards: "Lapata Ladies," directed by Kiran Rao.
  • Haryana declared Mithathal and Tigraana as protected archaeological sites.

• International Events:

  • First international research conference on pensions (World Bank supported) held in New Delhi.
  • International Hope Day observed on July 12th (UN General Assembly declared).
  • PM Modi awarded the Grand Commander of the Indian Ocean (highest civilian honor from Mauritius).

• India's Economy & Growth:

  • Tamil Nadu achieved highest real economic growth rate (9.69%) in India during 2024-25 fiscal year.

• Sports:

  • Vaibhav Suryavanshi: youngest IPL centurion (age 14, Rajasthan Royals vs. Gujarat Titans, Jaipur).

• Nepal-India Border and Disputed Territories:

  • Nepal borders: Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim.
  • Kali (Sharda) River's course changes contribute to India-Nepal disputes.
  • Lipulekh and Kalapani are disputed areas (Nepal claims them, influenced by China).

• Recent Current Events:

  • First international research conference on pensions held in New Delhi.
  • International Hope Day observed on July 12th.
  • PM Modi received Grand Commander of the Indian Ocean award from Mauritius.
  • Tamil Nadu's growth rate: 9.69% in FY 24-25.

• India's Medical Aid to Nepal: India provided $2 million in medical assistance to Nepal to manage Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, including medicines and vaccines.

• Sickle Cell Anemia: Causes sickle-shaped RBCs, reducing their number, leading to anemia.

• RBC Characteristics:

  • RBCs (erythrocytes) have a 120-day lifespan.
  • RBCs lack a nucleus (except in camels and llamas).
  • Spleen is the graveyard for RBCs.

• Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia:

  • Blood disorders (blood dyscrasias).
  • Thalassemia: destruction & insufficient RBC production leading to anemia.
  • Sickle Cell Anemia: sickle-shaped RBCs, reduced number, resulting in anemia.- World's Most Expensive Cities (Henley Passport Index's New Wealth Report):
  • Monaco: Ranked first; 40% of the population are millionaires.
  • New York City: Ranked second; located on the Hudson River; known as the "city of skyscrapers" and "Big Apple"; UN headquarters located on Manhattan Island.
  • Hong Kong: Ranked third.
  • London: Ranked fourth.

• India's Initiatives/Events:

  • Uttar Pradesh: Launched the "RAISE" app for digital monitoring of routine childhood immunization.
  • Assam: First state to announce the launch of its own satellite.
  • Medical Assistance to Nepal: India provided $1 million in medical aid to Nepal for thalassemia and sickle cell disease.
  • Madhavpur Ghemela Fair: Held in Gujarat; dedicated to the marriage of Dwarkadhish Shri Krishna and Rukmini.
  • Hitesh Goliya: Won gold at the World Boxing Cup 2025 in Brazil.

• Global Affairs:

  • National Mourning in Iran: Declared after a deadly explosion at Shahid Rajaee Port.
  • World Workplace Safety and Health Day: Observed on April 28, 2025.
  • Hubble Space Telescope: Discovered a faint "bulls-eye" galaxy composed of nine bright rings.
  • Madhusudan Sai: Humanitarian from Karnataka, received Fiji's highest honor, Companion of the Order of Fiji.
  • National Disaster Management Authority Alert App: Mentioned by PM Modi in "Mann Ki Baat."
  • Padma Awards: Presented by President Droupadi Murmu at the first Citizens' Honors Ceremony.
  • Assam Rifles: Announced training of its first female dog handler, Riflewoman Lakshmi.

• Sports:

  • Yuvraj Suryavanshi: 14-year-old Rajastan Royals batsman, became the youngest to score a century in IPL.
  • Asian Yogasana Sports Championship: India won the 2nd championship with 83 gold medals.

• Indian State Statistics (Population):

  • SC Population (Number): Uttar Pradesh (UP) ranks first.
  • SC Population (Percentage): Punjab ranks first.
  • ST Population (Number): Madhya Pradesh (MP) ranks first.
  • ST Population (Percentage): Mizoram ranks first.
  • Overall Population: UP has the highest; Sikkim has the lowest.
  • Population Density: Bihar has the highest; Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest.
  • Population Growth Rate: Meghalaya has the highest; Nagaland has a negative growth rate.
  • Literacy Rate: Kerala has the highest; Bihar has the lowest.
  • Sex Ratio: Kerala has the highest; Haryana has the lowest.
  • Highest Urban Population (Percentage): Goa (62.2%)
  • Highest Urban Population (Number): Maharashtra (5.08 crore)```markdown

• Literacy Rates:

  • Kerala: Highest literacy rate (94%)
  • Bihar: Lowest literacy rate (61.80%)
  • India (2011): 73% (Male: 80.09%, Female: 64.60%)

• Rural vs. Urban Population:

  • Himachal Pradesh: Highest percentage of rural population (90%)
  • Goa: Highest percentage of urban population (62.2%)
  • Maharashtra: Largest urban population (5.08 crore)

• Scheduled Caste (SC) Population:

  • Uttar Pradesh: Largest SC population (over 5 crore)
  • Punjab: Highest percentage of SC population (approximately 32%)

• Scheduled Tribe (ST) Population:

  • Madhya Pradesh: Largest ST population (approximately 1.5 crore)
  • Mizoram: Highest percentage of ST population (approximately 94%)

• Sex Ratio (Women per 1000 Men):

  • Kerala: Highest (1084)
  • Haryana: Lowest (879)

• Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years, Girls per 1000 Boys):

  • Arunachal Pradesh: Highest (972)
  • Haryana: Lowest (834)

• Population Density (Persons/sq km):

  • Bihar: Highest (1106)
  • Arunachal Pradesh: Lowest (17)
  • Delhi: Highest Population Density (Union Territory)

• Population Growth (Decadal):

  • Nagaland: Negative population growth (-0.6%)
  • Meghalaya: Highest growth rate (27.9%)

• Population Totals:

  • Uttar Pradesh: Highest total population (16.51% of India's population)
  • Sikkim: Lowest total population (0.05%)

    *   15th census in India.
    *   Census Commissioner: Chandramouli.
    *   Slogan: "Our Census, Our Future".
    *   India's population: 1,210.9 million (second after China in 2011; currently first).
*   **Census History:**

    *   **Census 1872:** Initiated by Viceroy Lord Mayo.
    *   **Census 1881:** First census on a decadal basis, initiated by Viceroy Lord Ripon. Census to be conducted every 10 years was established.
    *   **First Census Commissioner of India:** W.C. Plowden.
    *   **1911-1921 Decade:** Referred to as the "Great Divide Decade" due to a decline in population caused by famines and epidemics. 1921 is called the "Great Divide Year."
*   **Population Growth:**

    *   1911-2001: 21.54% increase.
    *   2001-2011: 17.7% increase.
    *   Female population: 48.53%
    *   Male population: 51.47%
*   **States/UTs by Area:**

    *   Largest state by area: Rajasthan.
    *   Smallest state by area: Goa.
    *   Largest Union Territory by area: Ladakh.
    *   Smallest Union Territory by area: Lakshadweep.
*   **States by Population:**

    *   State with highest population: Uttar Pradesh (16.51% of India's population).
    *   Other states with high populations: Maharashtra (9.28%), Bihar (8.6%), West Bengal (7.54%).
    *   State with lowest population: Sikkim (0.05%).
    *   Other states with low populations: Mizoram (0.09%), Arunachal Pradesh (0.11%), Goa (0.12%).
*   **Decadal Growth:**

    *   State with highest decadal growth (2001-2011): Meghalaya (27.9%).