Recent Meeting in Kampala: A recent meeting took place in Kampala, Uganda.
Capital Cities and Currencies:
- Somalia: Mogadishu (capital), Shilling (currency)
- Seychelles: Victoria (capital), Rupee (currency)
- Ethiopia: Addis Ababa (capital), Birr (currency)
- Uganda: Kampala (capital)
- Kenya: Nairobi (capital), UNEP headquarters located here.
- Mauritius: Port Louis (capital), Mauritius Rupee (currency)
- Tanzania: Dodoma (capital)
- Rwanda: Kigali (capital)
- Zimbabwe: Harare (capital)
- Ghana: Accra (capital), Cedi (currency)
- South Africa: Pretoria (administrative capital), Cape Town (legislative capital), Bloemfontein (judicial capital), Rand (currency)
- United States: Washington D.C. (capital), Dollar (currency)
- Canada: Ottawa (capital)
- Mexico: Mexico City (capital), Peso (currency)
- Cuba: Havana (capital)
- Jamaica: Kingston (capital)
- Greenland: Nuuk (capital), Krone (currency)
- Argentina: Buenos Aires (capital)
- Bolivia: La Paz (capital)
- Brazil: Brasília (capital), Real (currency)
- Chile: Santiago (capital)
- Colombia: Bogotá (capital)
- Ecuador: Quito (capital)
- Peru: Lima (capital), Sol (currency)
- Uruguay: Montevideo (capital)
- Venezuela: Caracas (capital), Bolívar (currency)
- Australia: Canberra (capital)
- New Zealand: Wellington (capital)
- Fiji: Suva (capital)
- Palau: Koror (capital)
European Capitals and Currencies:
| Country | Capital | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Portugal | Lisbon | Euro |
| Netherlands | Amsterdam | Euro |
| Poland | Warsaw | Złoty |
| Finland | Helsinki | Euro |
| France | Paris | Euro |
| Bulgaria | Sofia | Euro |
| Belgium | Brussels | Euro |
| Belarus | Minsk | Ruble |
| Ukraine | Kyiv | Hryvnia |
| United Kingdom | London | Pound |
| Romania | Bucharest | Leu |
| Latvia | Riga | Euro |
| Lithuania | Vilnius | Euro |
| Spain | Madrid | Euro |
| Switzerland | Bern | Swiss Franc |
| Sweden | Stockholm | Krona |
| Serbia | Belgrade | Dinar |
| Hungary | Budapest | Forint |
| Ireland | Dublin | Euro |
| Russia | Moscow | Ruble |
- African Capitals and Currencies:
| Country | Capital | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| Egypt | Cairo | Egyptian Pound |
| Libya | Tripoli | Libyan Dinar |
| Morocco | Rabat | Moroccan Dirham |
| Nigeria | Abuja | Naira |
| Namibia | Windhoek | Namibian Dollar |
| Sudan | Khartoum | Sudanese Pound |
| South Sudan | Juba | South Sudanese Pound |
| Republic of the Congo | Kinshasa | Congolese Franc |
| Congo | Brazzaville | Congolese Franc |
| Somalia | Mogadishu | Somali Shilling |
| Seychelles | Victoria | Seychellois Rupee |
| Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | Ethiopian Birr |
| Uganda | Kampala | Ugandan Shilling |
| Kenya | Nairobi | Kenyan Shilling |
| Mauritius | Port Louis | Mauritian Rupee |
| Tanzania | Dodoma | Tanzanian Shilling |
| Rwanda | Kigali | Rwandan Franc |
| Zimbabwe | Harare | Zimbabwean Dollar |
| Ghana | Accra | Ghanaian Cedi |
| South Africa | Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial) | Rand |
- Americas Capitals and Currencies:
| Country | Capital | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| United States | Washington, D.C. | US Dollar |
| Canada | Ottawa | Canadian Dollar |
| Mexico | Mexico City | Mexican Peso |
| Cuba | Havana | Cuban Peso |
| Jamaica | Kingston | Jamaican Dollar |
| Greenland | Nuuk (Godthåb) | Greenland Kroner |
| Argentina | Buenos Aires | Argentine Peso |
| Bolivia | La Paz | Boliviano |
| Brazil | Brasília | Brazilian Real |
| Chile | Santiago | Chilean Peso |
| Colombia | Bogotá | Colombian Peso |
| Ecuador | Quito | US Dollar |
| Peru | Lima | Peruvian Sol |
| Uruguay | Montevideo | Uruguayan Peso |
| Venezuela | Caracas | Bolívar Soberano |
| Australia | Canberra | Australian Dollar |
| New Zealand | Wellington | New Zealand Dollar |
| Fiji | Suva | Fijian Dollar |
| Palau | Ngerulmud | US Dollar |
- Turkey: Capital: Ankara; Currency: Lira
- Israel: Capital: Jerusalem; Currency: New Shekel
- Jordan: Capital: Amman
- Saudi Arabia: Capital: Riyadh; Currency: Riyal
- Yemen: Capital: Sana'a
- Syria: Capital: Damascus
- Oman: Capital: Muscat
- Indonesia: Capital: Jakarta; Currency: Rupiah
- Malaysia: Capital: Kuala Lumpur; Currency: Ringgit
- Cambodia: Capital: Phnom Penh; Currency: Riel
- Philippines: Capital: Manila; Currency: Peso
- Thailand: Capital: Bangkok; Currency: Baht
- Vietnam: Capital: Hanoi; Currency: Dong
- North Korea: Capital: Pyongyang; Currency: Won
- South Korea: Capital: Seoul; Currency: Won
- Brunei: Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
- Hong Kong: Capital: Victoria
- Japan: Capital: Tokyo; Currency: Yen
- Afghanistan: Capital: Kabul
- Qatar: Capital: Doha
- Azerbaijan: Capital: Baku; Currency: Manat
- Georgia: Capital: Tbilisi
- Albania: Capital: Tirana
- Iceland: Capital: Reykjavík; Currency: Króna
- Austria: Capital: Vienna
- Italy: Capital: Rome
- Estonia: Capital: Tallinn; Currency: Euro
- Greece: Capital: Athens; Currency: Euro
- Czech Republic: Capital: Prague; Currency: Koruna
- Germany: Capital: Berlin; Currency: Euro
- Denmark: Capital: Copenhagen; Currency: Krone
- Norway: Capital: Oslo; Currency: Norwegian Krone
- Netherlands: Capital: Amsterdam; Currency: Euro
- Poland: Capital: Warsaw; Currency: Złoty
- Finland: Capital: Helsinki; Currency: Euro
- France: Capital: Paris; Currency: Euro
- Bulgaria: Capital: Sofia; Currency: Euro
- Belgium: Capital: Brussels; Currency: Euro
- Belarus: Capital: Minsk; Currency: Ruble
- Ukraine: Capital: Kyiv; Currency: hryvnia
- United Kingdom: Capital: London; Currency: Pound
- Romania: Capital: Bucharest
- Latvia: Capital: Riga
- Lithuania: Capital: Vilnius
- Spain: Capital: Madrid; Currency: Euro
- Switzerland: Capital: Bern; Currency: Franc
- Sweden: Capital: Stockholm; Currency: Krona
- Serbia: Capital: Belgrade
- Hungary: Capital: Budapest; Currency: Forint
- Ireland: Capital: Dublin
- Russia: Capital: Moscow; Currency: Ruble
- Egypt: Capital: Cairo
- Libya: Capital: Tripoli
- Morocco: Capital: Rabat
- Nigeria: Capital: Abuja
- Namibia: Capital: Windhoek
- Sudan: Capital: Khartoum
- South Sudan: Capital: Juba
- Republic of the Congo: Capital: Kinshasa
- Country Capitals and Currencies:
| Country | Capital | Currency |
|---|---|---|
| India | New Delhi | Rupee |
| Bangladesh | Dhaka | Taka |
| Myanmar | Naypyidaw | Kyat |
| Nepal | Kathmandu | Rupee |
| China | Beijing | Yuan/Renminbi |
| Bhutan | Thimphu | Ngultrum |
| Sri Lanka | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | Rupee |
| Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar | Tugrik |
| Pakistan | Islamabad | Rupee |
| Uzbekistan | Tashkent | Som |
| Turkmenistan | Ashgabat | Manat |
| Kazakhstan | Astana | Tenge |
| Kyrgyzstan | Bishkek | Som |
| Tajikistan | Dushanbe | Somoni |
| Iran | Tehran | Rial |
| Iraq | Baghdad | Iraqi Dinar |
| Bahrain | Manama | Bahraini Dinar |
| Lebanon | Beirut | Lebanese Pound |
| UAE | Abu Dhabi | Dirham |
| Turkey | Ankara | Turkish Lira |
| Israel | Jerusalem | New Shekel |
| Jordan | Amman | Jordanian Dinar |
| Saudi Arabia | Riyadh | Rial |
| Yemen | Sana'a | Yemeni Rial |
| Syria | Damascus | Syrian Pound |
| Oman | Muscat | Omani Rial |
| Indonesia | Jakarta | Rupiah |
| Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | Ringgit |
| Cambodia | Phnom Penh | Riel |
| Philippines | Manila | Peso |
| Thailand | Bangkok | Baht |
| Vietnam | Hanoi | Dong |
| North Korea | Pyongyang | Won |
| South Korea | Seoul | Won |
| Brunei | Bandar Seri Begawan | Bruneian Dollar |
| Hong Kong | Victoria | Hong Kong Dollar |
| Japan | Tokyo | Yen |
| Afghanistan | Kabul | Afghan Afghani |
| Qatar | Doha | Qatari Rial |
| Azerbaijan | Baku | Manat |
| Georgia | Tbilisi | Georgian Lari |
| Albania | Tirana | Albanian Lek |
| Iceland | Reykjavik | Icelandic Króna |
| Austria | Vienna | Euro |
| Italy | Rome | Euro |
| Estonia | Tallinn | Euro |
| Greece | Athens | Euro |
| Czech Republic | Prague | Koruna |
| Germany | Berlin | Euro |
| Denmark | Copenhagen | Krone |
| Norway | Oslo | Norwegian Krone |
| Netherlands | Amsterdam | Euro |
* Highest spending area: Defense
* Second highest: Rural Development
* Third highest: Home Ministry
* Fourth highest: Agriculture
India's Revenue Sources:
- Highest source: Loans (24%)
- Second highest: Income Tax (22%)
- Third highest: GST (18%)
- Corporation Tax: 17%
India's Government Revenue Allocation:
- 22% allocated to state share in taxes and duties
- 20% allocated to interest payments
Fiscal Deficit (2024-2026):
- 2024-2025: 4.8%
- 2025-2026: 4.4%
Tax Changes:
- Removal of tax on 36 life-saving drugs (including those for rare diseases and cancer).
- New Income Tax Regime introduced (replacing the 1961 bill).
- Revised Tax Slabs:
Income Range (₹ Lakhs) Tax Rate (%) 0 - 4 0 4 - 8 5 8 - 12 10 12 - 16 15 16 - 20 20 20 - 24 25 >24 30 - Income up to ₹12 Lakhs is tax-free.
Insurance Sector Reforms: FDI limit in the insurance sector increased from 74% to 100%.
Jal Jeevan Mission Extension: The Jal Jeevan Mission has been extended until 2028.
Maritime Development Fund: A maritime development fund will be established, with the government contributing 49% of the funding.
Udan Yojana Expansion: The Udan Yojana scheme aims to add 120 new flight destinations over the next 10 years.
Bihar Infrastructure Projects: A greenfield airport will be constructed in Bihar, along with the development of the West Kosi Canal in the Mithilanchal region.
Gyan Bharat Mission: The Gyan Bharat Mission will be launched to preserve over one crore hand-written manuscripts.
India Trade Net Platform: The India Trade Net platform has been launched to improve export supply chains.
Atal Tinkering Labs: 500 Atal Tinkering Labs will be established in government schools over the next 5 years.
Indian Language Book Scheme: Books will be translated into local Indian languages and made available online.
National Skill Excellence Centers: Five national skill excellence centers will be established to support "Make for India" and "Make for the World" initiatives.
AI in Education: ₹500 crore has been allocated to establish excellence centers promoting AI in education.
Cancer Care: A daycare cancer hospital will be started in every district hospital within three years.- MSME Definition Changes:
- Definition revised based on investment and turnover.
- Investment: Micro (≤₹2.5 crore), Small (≤₹25 crore), Medium (≤₹125 crore).
- Turnover: Micro (≤₹10 crore), Small (≤₹100 crore), Medium (≤₹500 crore).
Credit Card for Micro Industries:
- ₹5 lakh credit card launched, accessible via Udyam portal.
National Manufacturing Mission:
- Aims to boost manufacturing under "Make in India".
- Focus sectors: Footwear, toys, and food processing.
Atal Tinkering Labs:
- 500 labs to be established in government schools over 5 years.
Indian Language Book Scheme:
- Translates books into local languages for school and higher education.
National Skill Excellence Centers:
- Five centers to be established.
- Supports "Make for India" and "Make for the World".
AI in Education:
- ₹500 crore allocated for excellence centers promoting AI in education.
Cancer Care Initiatives:
- Every district hospital will establish a daycare cancer center within three years.
Agricultural Initiatives:
- Pradhan Mantri Dhan Dhanaya Krishi Yojana: Increase agricultural productivity in 100 districts, benefitting 1.7 crore farmers.
- Pulses Self-Reliance Mission: 6-year mission for Tur, Urad, and Masoor lentils.
- Missions for vegetables, fruits, and millets (Shree Anna). 2023 declared as the year of Shree Anna.
- Makhana Board established in Bihar.
- National High-Yield Seed Mission.
- Cotton Production Mission: 5-year mission to boost cotton production and the textile industry.
- Kisan Credit Card (KCC) limit increased from ₹3 lakh to ₹5 lakh.
- Urea plant established in Namrup, Assam, with a production capacity of 12.7 lakh metric tons.
Developed India's Six Pillars:
- Poverty eradication.
- Quality education (100% school education).
- Accessible and affordable healthcare.
- 100% skilled workforce.
- 70% women's participation in economic activity.
- Making India the "Food Basket of the World."
Budget 2025-26's Four Engines:
- Fuel: Reforms in agriculture, MSMEs, investment, and exports.
- Guidance: Inclusiveness.
- Destination: Developed India.
Budget 2025-26: Presented by Nirmala Sitharaman for the eighth time. The budget was presented on February 1st.
Vision of a Developed India: Six key aspects:
- Poverty eradication
- 100% school education
- Affordable and accessible healthcare
- 100% skilled workforce
- 70% women's participation in economic activity
- Making India the "Food Basket of the World"
Four Engines of Budget 2025-26's Journey:
- Fuel: Reforms
- Guidance: Inclusivity
- Destination: Developed India
- Engines: Agriculture, MSMEs, Investment, and Exports