Rajasthan

Appearance

Budget 2025-26 Overview

  • Historical Context:
    • First budget in India: James Wilson (1860).
    • First budget post-independence: K. Shanmukham Chetty.
    • First budget in Republic India: John Mathai.
    • Most budgets presented: Morarji Desai (10 times).
    • First woman to present budget: Indira Gandhi.
    • First full-time woman Finance Minister: Nirmala Sitharaman.
    • Longest budget speech: Nirmala Sitharaman (2020).
  • Current Budget Presentation: Nirmala Sitharaman presented the budget for the 8th time on February 1st.
  • Vision of 'Viksit Bharat' (Developed India):
    • Freedom from poverty.
    • 100% schooling.
    • Excellent, affordable, and accessible healthcare.
    • 100% skilled workforce.
    • 70% female participation in economic activity.
    • India as the 'Food Basket of the World'.
  • Budget Journey Components:
    • Destination: Viksit Bharat.
    • Guidance: Inclusivity.
    • Fuel: Reforms.
    • Four Engines (Reform Areas): Agriculture, MSME (Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises), Investment, Exports.

Agriculture Sector (First Engine)

  • Pradhan Mantri Dhan Dhanya Krishi Yojana:
    • Aim: Increase agricultural productivity.
    • Coverage: Launched in 100 districts, benefiting 1.7 crore farmers.
  • Pulses Self-Sufficiency Mission: 6-year mission focusing on Tur/Arhar, Urad, and Masoor.
  • Makhana Board: To be established in Bihar.
  • National High Yield Seed Mission: To develop high-yield seeds.
  • Cotton Production Mission: 5-year mission to boost cotton quality and the textile industry.
  • Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Limit: Increased from ₹3 lakh to ₹5 lakh.
  • Urea Plant: To be set up in Namrup, Assam, with 12.7 lakh metric tons production capacity.

MSME Sector (Second Engine)

  • Revised MSME Definitions:
    • Investment Based: Micro (up to ₹2.5 cr), Small (up to ₹25 cr), Medium (up to ₹125 cr).
    • Turnover Based: Micro (up to ₹10 cr), Small (up to ₹100 cr), Medium (up to ₹500 cr).
  • Credit Card for Micro Enterprises: ₹5 lakh limit, available on Udyam Portal.
  • National Manufacturing Mission: To promote 'Make in India' in footwear, toys, and food processing industries.

Investment Sector (Third Engine)

  • Atal Tinkering Lab: 500 labs to be established in government schools over 5 years to foster interest in STEM.
  • Bharatiya Bhasha Pustak Scheme: To provide digital books in local Indian languages for education.
  • National Skill Excellence Centers: 5 centers to be established for skill development, focusing on 'Make for India' and 'Make for the World'.
  • AI Excellence Centers: ₹500 crore allocated to promote AI in education.
  • Cancer Care Initiatives:
    • Life-saving cancer medicines to be made cheaper.
    • One Day Care Cancer Hospital to be established in every district hospital within 3 years.
  • Jal Jeevan Mission: Extended till 2028.
  • Maritime Development Fund: 49% government contribution.
  • Udan Yojana: 120 new air connectivity destinations to be explored in the next 10 years.
  • Bihar Development Projects: Greenfield Airport and West Kosi Canal Project in Mithilanchal.
  • Gyan Bharatam Mission: Launched for the conservation of over 1 crore manuscripts.

Exports Sector (Fourth Engine)

  • Bharat Trade Net Platform: Launched to enhance supply chain efficiency in exports.

Fiscal & Tax Reforms (Fuel)

  • Insurance Sector FDI Limit: Increased from 74% to 100%.
  • Fiscal Deficit Projections:
    • 2024-25: 4.8% of GDP.
    • 2025-26: 4.4% of GDP.
  • Tax on Life-saving Drugs: Removed on 36 life-saving drugs for rare, cancer, and serious diseases.
  • New Income Tax Regime: A new Income Tax Bill will replace the 1961 bill.
  • New Tax Slabs (up to ₹12 lakh is tax-free):
    • ₹0-4 lakh: 0%
    • ₹4-8 lakh: 5%
    • ₹8-12 lakh: 10%
    • ₹12-16 lakh: 15%
    • ₹16-20 lakh: 20%
    • ₹20-24 lakh: 25%
    • Above ₹24 lakh: 30%

Government Revenue & Expenditure

  • Sources of Revenue (Rupee Comes From):
    • Borrowings: 24% (Highest).
    • Income Tax: 22%.
    • GST: 18%.
  • Expenditure Areas (Rupee Goes To):
    • States' Share of Taxes and Duties: 22% (Highest).
    • Interest Payments: 20%.
  • Top Expenditure Sectors:
    • Defense (Highest).
    • Rural Development.
    • Home Ministry.
    • Agriculture.

Daily Current Affairs - June 26, 2025

  • International Nuclear Emergency Exercise:
    • Name: CONVEX 3 2025.
    • Host: Romania (Cernavoda nuclear facility).
    • Organizer: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - HQ Vienna, Austria.
    • Significance: World's largest, held after 20 years.
  • Iran-US Conflict & Operations:
    • Israel attacked Iran: Operation Rising Lion.
    • Iran attacked Israel: Operation True Promise III.
    • USA attacked Iran: Operation Midnight Hammer.
    • Iran attacked US Airbase in Qatar (Al Udeid): Operation Basayer al-Fateh.
    • Operation Spider Web: Ukraine vs. Russia.
    • Operation Sindhu: India evacuating citizens from Iran.
  • International Yoga Day 2025 Theme: Yoga for One Earth One Health.
  • Integrated Tri-Service Special Forces Exercise: Desert Hunt 25, held in Rajasthan (India & USA).
  • Second Private Lunar Soft Landing Spacecraft: Blue Ghost. (First was Odysseus by Intuitive Machines).
  • SpaceX Human Mission for Earth's Polar Orbit: Frame Two.
  • Bloomberg Philanthropy Award 2025:
    • Recipient: Indian Government (Health Ministry, specifically Dr. Pratima Murthy).
    • Reason: Tobacco prevention efforts.
    • Venue: Global conference in Dublin, Ireland.
    • WHO's global tobacco control initiative: MPOWER.
  • Discovery of New Blood Group:
    • Name: Gwadap Negative.
    • Discoverers: French scientists after 15 years of research.
    • Significance: 48th known blood group.
    • Blood group determination based on antigens on RBCs.
    • Blood group ABO system discovery: Karl Landsteiner (Nobel Prize 1930).
    • Rh factor discovery: Karl Landsteiner and Wiener.
    • Universal Donor: O-negative; Universal Recipient: AB-positive.
    • World Blood Donor Day: June 14th.
  • Indian Navy Tri-Service Exercise: Tiger Triumph (India & USA).
  • Senior Asian Wrestling Championship 2025: Manisha Bhanwala (India's only gold).
  • Ranji Trophy 2025 Winner: Vidarbha (defeated Kerala).
  • Ostrava Golden Spike 2025 (Czechia): Neeraj Chopra won Gold in Javelin Throw (85.29m).
    • Also won Gold in Paris Diamond League, Silver in Doha Diamond League (90m+ personal best).
  • Dangeti Janhavi (Andhra Pradesh): First Indian woman to complete an aerospace program/research (4 years for NASA's Titan orbital space mission).
  • Subhanshu Shukla (Lucknow): Pilot for Axiom Four (Ax-4) mission to International Space Station (ISS), expected to be second Indian in space after Rakesh Sharma (1984).
  • 97th Oscar Awards Best Film: Oneera.
  • Vandana Katariya: Retired Hockey player.
  • Sarul Festival: Celebrated in Jharkhand (worship of Sal tree).
  • First Quantum Chip: Ocelot (by Amazon).
  • First Nuclear Power Plant under India's SMR (Small Modular Reactor) Mission: To be established in Bihar (announced by Union Energy Minister Manohar Lal Khattar), with ₹2000 crore allocated for Atomic Energy Mission.
  • Global Internet Shutdown Report 2024 (Access Now): Myanmar ranked first, India second.
  • "The Great Conciliator" Book: On Lal Bahadur Shastri (by Sanjeev Chopra).
  • Bhagirath App: Launched by Uttarakhand for water conservation.
  • SPEREX Mission: NASA mission to study events after the Big Bang.
  • 25th Central Zonal Council Meeting:
    • Venue: Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
    • Chaired by: Union Home Minister Amit Shah.
    • Included States: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand.
    • Zonal Councils were established under State Reorganization Act 1956.
    • North East Council formed by 1971 Act, HQ Shillong.
  • Sharath Kamal: Retired Table Tennis player.
  • Zircon Hypersonic Missile: Russia.
  • Jubin Portal: Launched by Central Government to monitor Anti-Rabies and Anti-Snake Venom stock.
  • Order of Freedom Award (Barbados): Conferred upon PM Modi.
  • "The Emergency Diaries" Book: Launched by Amit Shah, depicting young Narendra Modi's activities during the Emergency and his work for RSS.
  • "The New World" Book: By Ram Madhav.
  • Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile: Air-to-air missile.
  • Ramakien Ramayana: PM Modi witnessed a performance in Thailand during a BIMSTEC meeting.
  • Indian Navy's First Maritime Training under Indian Ocean Ship Sagar Initiative: Kochi.
  • First Female Law Secretary of India: Anju Rathi Rana.
  • International Potato Center's South Asia Regional Center: To be established in Singna, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, to boost potato and sweet potato production.
    • International Potato Day: May 30th.
    • Round Revolution: Related to potato production.
    • National Potato Research Institute: Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.
  • Exercise Khanjar: India & Kyrgyzstan.
  • Startup Mahakumbh: Held in Delhi by Union Commerce & Industry Minister Piyush Goyal; Maharathi Award given to Bihar.
  • Top State for Solar Power Plants at Railway Stations: Rajasthan.
  • State with P4 Policy for Zero Poverty: Andhra Pradesh.
  • Vidya Shakti Digital Initiative (Government Schools): Launched by Andhra Pradesh to improve academic performance, reduce learning gaps in Math, Science, English, and increase enrollment/reduce dropout rates.
  • Pritzker Architecture Prize 2025: Leo Jia Kun.
  • Champions Trophy Winner: India (defeated New Zealand) in Dubai (9th edition).
  • First European Country to Withdraw from International Criminal Court: Hungary.
  • Manoj Kumar (Bharat Kumar): Deceased actor.
  • Dharti Aba Jan Bhagidari Abhiyan:
    • Initiated by: Government of India (June 15 - July 15).
    • Target: States & UTs, specifically over 5.5 crore tribal citizens.
    • "Dharti Aba" refers to Lord Birsa Munda.