Okay, I will perform a refined OCR focusing on the first 10 pages to improve accuracy, especially for potentially missed or misread characters and formatting. Let me process them and provide the updated OCR text for each page.
Please note: The goal here is accuracy, but handwritten text can still pose challenges for OCR. I will correct common errors.
Page 1 OCR:
Law
Concepts of Law RTE Cyber + IT IPR DMA SHWA POCSOA Child labour R. Land Revenue Act. R. Tenancy Act.
Ownership & Possession Personality Liability Rights & Duties
MWPSCA Page 2 OCR:
Ownership Law
- Law acts as means of serving justice
- Purpose of law is justice.
- w/o some element of justice, law becomes an instrument of oppression
- In Legal sense, justice is the process of application of law to a particular case.
Aristotle
Perfect law is inherent in the nature of Man and can be discovered through reason. It is immutable, universal, & capable of growth.
Austin - Law is the command of sovereign.
Page 3 OCR:
A.V. Dicey
Law is the reflection of public opinion.
Salmond
Law is body of principles recognised & applied by the state in the administration of Justice
Roscoe Pound
Law is a Social control through systematic application of force in a politically organised Society.
Law
International - regulates Relationship btw nation
Public law
Inter. Law
Private Enter. law
Public law
Private Law
Hindu Law
Muslim Law
Page 4 OCR:
Public Law
Administrative Law
Criminal Law
Civil Law
Governs relation among private individuals
Law of Contract
Law of Torts
Govern activities of administrative agencies.
Sources of Laws
- Custom
- Legalisation
- Judicial Precedent
Page 5 OCR:
Ownership
Ownership is a sum-total of possession, disposition, and-destruction which includes the right to enjoy property by the owner. It is absolute right to a thing. It is the complete & Supreme right that can be exercised over anything.
Hibbert
Ownership includes 4 kinds of rights within itself:
- Right to use a thing
- Right to exclude others from using anything.
- Disposing of the thing
- Right to destroy it.
Page 6 OCR:
Austin 3 attributes of ownership
- Indefinite user - free to use or misuse the thing in a way one likes.
- Unrestricted disposition absolutely free to dispose it.
- Unlimited Duration - perpetuity of ownership.
Criticism of Austin
- Not a single right but a bundle of rights.
- No residue after giving away ownership remains.
- Not merely a right but also a relationship.
- Right of disposition can be curtailed by state.
Page 7 OCR:
Jatt- Austin's Definition
The right to use or deal with some given object, in a manner, or to an extent which, though is not unlimited, is indefinite relation btw person & a thing.
Salmond
ownership vests in the complex of rights which one exercises to the exclusion of all others. It denotes the relation btw a person and right that is vested in him.
Right to possess the thing which he owns. He may, however, not be necessarily in actual possession of it.
Right to use or enjoy the thing owned.
Page 8 OCR:
- Right to consume, destroy or alienate the thing.
- Ownership has characteristic of being indeterminate in duration.
- Ownership has a residuary character.
Criticism
- definition does not indicate the content of ownership.
- not relation btw person and a thing rather person & right vested in him.
- thing is what is owned & not the right which does not really exist.
Dicey
a person is owner of a thing when.
Page 9 OCR:
Holland
ownership is plenary control over an object 3 rights over object
- Possession
- Enjoyment
- Disposition
Frederick Pollock
ownership is the entirety of the powers power of use and disposal allonies.
Prof. Keaton
ownership. is ultimate right to the full enjoyment in person other than the one entitled to the ultimate use are exhausted
Page 10 OCR:
Hindu Law Mana - 7 vishious means of acquisition of wealth
Inheritance, gain, purchase, conquest, application, employment; gift
Normally ownership implies the following
- right to possess to the exclusive of all others.
- right to use according to law. subject
- right to manage - right to decide how & by whom the thing shall be used.
- right to alienate or to waste, destroy or to consume whole or path of ith
- right to the fruits & income of the thing
Okay, I'll proceed with refining the OCR from page 11 to page 20, aiming for the highest possible accuracy.
Page 11 OCR:
Characteristics of ownership
- May be absolute or restricted
- Can be restricted in times of emergency
- not allowed to use in such a way that is injurious to others.
- Restriction may be imposed by law on right to disposal.
- owner has right to possession
- Law does not confer ownership on an unborn child or an insane person
- ownership is residuary in nature.
- Rights of ownership does not end with owner but instead it is transfered in heirs.
Page 12 OCR:
Classification of ownership
Corporeal - of tangible things Incorporeal - of intangible things.
Touch ownership - ownership of trustee in a haust Beneficial ownership - ownership of beneficiary
Legal - origin in rules of common law Equitable - proceeds from the rules of equity
Vested - absolute Contingent - Conditional
Sole - Hested in single person Co-ownership - Hested in +2 person
Co-ownership = right of dead descends to successor
Joint - survivor become sole owner
Page 13 OCR:
Possession
In ordinary usage, possession means having control over a thing.
Possession in law is broader than possession in fact.
Possession constitutes of two elements
- corpus - Control over a thing.
- animus - intention with respect to a thing
Sevigny
two elements which constitute possession are effective control & intention to hold as owner
does not explain possession of a thing by lending
Page 14 OCR:
Salmond
two elements of possession
- effective control
- intention to exclude others.
A person cannot be dispossessed of the thing merely on the grounds that he is not the owner where it is not known who the true owner is.
In possessor has a better entitlemunt to the thing againgh whole world except the true owner. no one except true owner cam challenge his entitlemen
Page 15 OCR:
Ownership
right to possess Right to use & enjoy Restriction in always with owner ownership is residuary in Character ownership possible even 20to possession ownership gives right to possession
It is guarantee by lows of owners being owners
Possession
Possession is one of the requirement of owner ship prough not an indispensable on possession can be green to someone clk Possession possible even with ownership posession does not give right to ownership
It is physical control over a thing
Page 16 OCR:
Salmond - the contincing exercise of a claim, to the exclusive use of a thing constitutes the possession of it.
Maine - physical detention complex with the intention to hold a thing detaines as ones own
Pollock - 'apparant control orters or from the use of which he has the apparant pomer at excluding others. from use
Res Nullius - ownerless things or object Terra Nullius - no man. Tony
Page 17 OCR:
Personality
Legal personality is an artificial creation of law.
Law attributes personality to all those entities that are capable of bearing rights or duties. : Company, idol, Juns, etc
Jome entities have a restricted legal personality. Like infants, Lunatics,
Law boyas enabled the meatment of the gromp as init. ay, company as a Party
Th allmes determination of rights & obligations of the company as a unih irrespective of the infer se liability of fre shareholdery,
Page 18 OCR:
It enabled human beings to gen together and carry on business with limited liability.
Idol is also a legal person; it can buy or sell property ek. An unborn child is atso a legal person. In Hindu persones alger law of inheritance, an unborn child is Considered to be a Coparcenes
Deaf person is not a legal person as he cannot be a bearer of rights. & Juties
animals hares no legal personaling
Page 19 OCR:
Salmond
defines a person as any being to whom the law regards as capable of rights or dubies!
Person
Natural person
Human beings capable of rights & Juties
Legal person →non-human.
Nowens entities in whom law Vests rights & duties
corporation
Estate
Page 20 OCR:
status - Condition which artjes due to The membership of a class or group.
Capacity - sigorts & powers of a person : by Kishue of this being at a pasienlar Position
Relasince duty-corresponding rights absolute duty - no X
Austin - Legal righs are rights which are Erection of law.
Jolmond - Legal right is an interest which areesh recognises ans protects by rate of lane, and Violation of such an interest would be a legal woony.
floyet duty is an ach than obliges to do something and ack the opposite of which won't's be a Alright, processing pages 21-30 with OCR and corrections, focusing on legal terms and potential ambiguities:
Page 21 OCR:
IT Act 2000
Objectives
- to provide legal recognition to any transaction which is done by electronic way or use of internet (e-Commerce)
- to give legal recognition to digital signature digital electronic document
- to provide the legal framewor.
- to facilitate e-Governance
- to th the justice dispensation system for cyber crimes
Page 22 OCR:
66A- offensive message thongh T computer - Recem Pricer Unconsinihonal Shoya dirghel 666- identity thath 66E- privacy violation 66F Cyber Lesorism 67B- child pornography
Page 23 OCR:
ITA 2008
stresses on predator privacy issues. & highlights information security
Make digital signature tech neutral,
Define cyber Cafe.
Define reasonable data security practices to the to be followes toy corporate
Redefine role of intermediaries.
Recognise role of CERT
Inclusion of some additional cyber crime like child pornography & cyber Terrorism
authorizing an Inspector to investigate Cyber offences.
Page 24 OCR:
National Cyber Security Policy 2013
Create a secure Cyber ecosystem, Generate adequate trust & confidence in IT systems & transaction in Cyberspace
strengthen Regulatory framework
secure e-governance services.
Create workforce of Lakh professionals in next 5 year.
provide gised benefit Information sharing & cooperation among agencies
Page 25 OCR:
RTE
Controller of Certifying Authorities.
Cyber Regulations. Appellate Tribunal.
Cyber Regulations. Advisory Committee
B. N. Jrikrishna Committee
Personal data to be processes only for purposes that are clear, specific tafel.
All ftoms & agencies to appoint DPOD
Center to novizy DPAOI.
A DP Jung & DP awareness Jung
Renathies ranging from 2-4.7. of world witte hernover or 5-25 crore
Critical persond data to be processes 14 sinker located in India only
Individuab hake rijek to withdraw Conleng
Page 26 OCR:
Deph of Industrial Policy & Promotions. (DIPP)
Cell for IPR Promotion & Management (CIPAM)
IPR Awareness
IPR Generation
WIPO Cs specialized agency C 1967
Legal & lyric framework C Geneva Why encourage erected activity
Administration & Management & encourage
enforcement & Adjudication to promote the
HRD protetion of IPR thronghong The word.
Commercialisation of IPR SGonneis curry
Patent, Design, TM, Copyright, GE
Semiconductor EC Layout Plank variety Protection
Plant variety Min of Agri
proketion Protection of Plank
Varieties & Farmer's Rights Authority
The protection of Plant varieties & farmers Rigas
Ach. 2001
Page 27 OCR:This page appears to be a duplicate of the previous page. It has been skipped.Page 28 OCR:
Patents 2 1920 nue product or Process
20 years:
DEPP, CG of Patents, Designs & TM The patents Act 1970
Design sthofte, Configuration, DEOP, CG OF P, D,T 2000 pattern, ornamentation, Composition of Colour. or ling Or allombinathoy
TM Jiqu, words, letters, numbers, drawing, ichures/DEPP, CG.PDT 1999 emblem, colour, shape of geob. Designs Act 2000
10+10/99 1999 ri 10 year M Anyachisel goods The Geographicat year Mamyachisel goods Andications of a produch as originating goods as originating Goods (Registration & in a given place parsection Ach, 1995.)
Copyright musical & artistic work DEPP, Ryistrer 50 yrs of 1957 Cinematograph films & of copy rights sound recordings. (earlien HRD Min) copy right Ach 1957 Semiconductor DEPP samiconductor semiconductor ICS-Layout Design Entegrated circuits IC, Layout -Design 2000 Layout Design Registry Ach 2000
Page 29 OCR:
Sexual Harassment Incident of
- workplase Harassery
godays
3 mouth of I monthy
File complainh
7 days
sing copy to remportanh
10 days
Respondant to reply
Completion of inquiry
10 days
ingrity repo
60 days
Employer ach on recommmedah Apped godays
Page 30 OCR:
POCSO Act 2012
・Sexual Harassomenh 0-3 years. Sexual assault Aggravated sexual assault 5-7 years Penetrative sexual assauth 4-7-lipe gravated penetratice 10-life.
use of child zor
-Sec 13 pornography life-life 0-5 years. Storage of child pornography - years.
Seets
aggravating factor Hahes of the offender
flahing of Victim impact on viching disabled
prynanh Nature of assauth yang
Communif Okay, here's the OCR and correction pass for pages 31-35, focusing on legibility and potential errors:
Page 31 OCR:
child labour Art24 21A, 39
Prohibits employment completely
14 years Adolscing
Prohibits employment in hazardous occupations (mines, & inflammable substance &
(hazerder foocesses),
A
Ryuyotes where they are noth prohibites
18 years
Family Business
Entertainment & sports ausineis
Page 32 OCR:
ILO Convention signed & raizjed
K. No. 1387 Minimum Age contention,
2.(16.182)-Wrth forms of child Labour Conkenion.
National Policy on child Labour 1987.
Leejiriatike action plan.
focusing & comergence of generel dex. programmes for benefiting children witherercer ponible
C project based action plan of for project for welfare of working children in area of high concentration of child labout.
RIT Ach Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Ach 1986-
National Child Labous project.
Indo-Us Child Labour Project (ENDUS
Page 33 OCR:
Khaledar lenant fenant who acquires phakdari rigub.
Tenant of Khidkhasht person to whoy Khudkhasht has been lehonh
Ghair khaledari Jenang Jenanh other than khaleda'r tenant, tenang of philkhashh or subtengik