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Irrigation Projects in Rajasthan

• Means of Irrigation
• Classification of Irrigation Projects
• Other Major Projects

Means of Irrigation

Source	Contribution to Irrigation
Tube Wells	42%
Canals	30%
Wells	24%
Ponds	1%
Other Sources	3%

• Highest use of
  • Tube Wells - Jaipur
  • Canals - Sri Ganganagar
  • Wells - Jaipur
• Ponds - Bhilwara *Other Sources - Pali

Classification of Irrigation Projects

• Based on the irrigated area, irrigation projects are divided into 3 parts:

Project Type	Area (Hectares)
Small Irrigation Projects	0-2000
Medium Irrigation Projects	2000-10,000
Large Irrigation Projects	10,000 or more

• Note: Small irrigation projects contribute the most to irrigation in Rajasthan.

Multipurpose Projects

• Projects that have two or more objectives are called multipurpose projects.
  • Example: Irrigation, drinking water supply, hydroelectricity.

Page 109

• Note: Nehru called multipurpose projects the temples of modern India.

1. First multipurpose project | World | India | Rajasthan | | ------------- | ------------- |------------ | |Tennessee | Damodar | Ganganahar | |(U.S.A- 1933) |(1948) |(after 1950) |

Major Multipurpose Projects of Rajasthan:

River Valley Multipurpose Project	Canal Multipurpose Project

• River Valley Multipurpose Projects:
  1. Chambal Multipurpose Project
  2. Mahi Multipurpose Project
  3. Bhakra-Nangal (Satluj) Multipurpose Project
  4. Beas Multipurpose Project
  5. Renukaji (Giri) Multipurpose Project
  6. Lakhwar (Yamuna) Multipurpose Project

1. Chambal Multipurpose Project

• This is a joint project of Rajasthan and M.P.
  • Contribution: Rajasthan (50%) + M.P (50%)
• A total of 4 dams have been constructed in 3 phases under this project. (i) First Phase: Gandhi Sagar (M.P), Kota Barrage

Page 110

    *(ii) Second Phase:* Rana Pratap Sagar (Chittorgarh)
   *(iii) Third Phase:* Jawahar Sagar/Kota Dam (Kota-Bundi)

• [Diagram of dams on Chambal River Rana Pratap Sagar (Hydroelectric) Kota Barrage Jawahar Sagar ( Hydroelectric ) Gandhi Sagar (M.P.) Chambal River Kota Kota-Bundi M.P Yamuna (U.P) Left Canal]
  • First Phase
  • Gandhi Sagar (M.P):
    • Location: Mandsaur (M.P)
    • It is the highest and largest dam on the Chambal River.
    • Hydroelectric power generation capacity: 5 Units X 23 Mega Unit = 115 MW
  • Kota Barrage:
    • Location: Kota
    • It is called the irrigation dam of Chambal.
    • Two canals are drawn from this dam for irrigation.
      • Left Canal (Kota & Bundi)
      • Right Canal (Kota and Baran & M.P)
  • Note: There are a total of 14 lift canals on the left canal, out of which 8 are located in Rajasthan and 6 in M.P.

Page 111

• Lift Canals Located in Rajasthan | Trick | Lift Canal | Location | | - - | ---------|---------| | 1. Di | Digod | Kota | |2. P | Pavel | Baran | |3. K | Kachari | Baran | |4. G | Ganeshganj | Baran | | 5. A | Anta Lift | Baran | | 6. Aa | Anta Marna Lift | Baran | | 7. Kho | Seerkhed | Baran | | 8. Ja | Jalipura | Kota |
• Second Phase:
• Rana Pratap Sagar
  • Location: Chittorgarh
  • It is the largest dam in Rajasthan.
  • Rawatbhata Nuclear Power Plant is supplied with water from the Rana Pratap Sagar Dam.
  • The hydroelectric power generation capacity of that dam = 4 Units X 43 MW = 172 MW
• Third Phase:
• Jawahar Sagar Dam
  • Location: Kota-Bundi
  • Jawahar Sagar is called the 'Pickup Dam of Chambal'. * Hydroelectric Power Generation Capacity = 3 Unit X 33 = 99 MW

Page 112

• Note: Total hydroelectric power generation from Chambal Multipurpose Project = 386 MW
  • Rajasthan: M.P
  • 193 MW : 193 MW

2. Mahi Multipurpose Project

• This is a joint project of Rajasthan and Gujarat. * Rajasthan - 45% * Gujarat- 55%
• Three dams have been built on the Mahi River under this project.
• Mahi Bajaj Sagar * Kagdi Dam
  • Kadana Dam

  *   (i) Mahi Bajaj Sagar:
    *   **Location:** Borkheda (Banswara) (3109 m)
    *  It is the longest dam in Rajasthan and the largest in the tribal area.
    
    *   (ii) Kagdi Dam: Banswara
    *  It is called the "Pickup Dam" of Mahi.
      
     *   (iii) Kadana Dam:
        *   **Location:** Mahisagar (Gujarat)
         *   The hydroelectric power generation capacity of that dam = 140 MW

Page 113

• Hydroelectric power generation capacity at Mahi dams in Rajasthan - * 1st Phase (1986) => 2 Units x 25 MW = 50 MW * 2nd Phase (1989) => 2 Units x 45 MW = 90 MW * Total 140MW
• The entire hydroelectric power generated is distributed only in the tribal area of Rajasthan.

3. Bhakra-Nangal (Satluj) Multipurpose Project (Largest Multipurpose Project in India)

• Cooperation: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan (15.2%)
• River: Satluj *Satluj River

  • Govind Sagar Lake

  • Bhakra Dam (H.P)

  • Bhakra Canal

  • Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan

  • Nangal Dam

  • Beas River

  • Pandoh Dam

  • Bist Canal

  • Punjab (A) Bhakra Dam:

    • Location: Bilaspur (H.P)
    • It is the highest gravity dam in India (260 m).
    • Govind Sagar Lake is located behind the Bhakra Dam.
    • Nehru called the Bhakra Dam a "Miraculous Giant Object of India".

Page 114(B) Nangal Dam: * Location: Ropar/Rupnagar (Punjab) * Two canals have been constructed from this dam for irrigation. * Nangal Dam * Left Canal : Bhakra Canal (Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan) *Right Canal : Bist Canal (Punjab)

• Characteristics:
  • (i) Bhakra-Nangal is the largest multipurpose project in India and Rajasthan. (ii) The most benefited district from this project in Rajasthan is Hanumangarh.

4. Beas Multipurpose Project

*   **Cooperation:** Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan ( Rajasthan's Benefits = 1. Pong Dam - 59%  2. Pandoh- 20%) (H.P)

• Characteristics: * (i) When there is a shortage of water in IGNP in the winter season, water is supplied from 'Pong Dam'. * (ii) Rajiv Gandhi- Longowal Agreement (1985) * Baradi Commission (1986) ] Related to Beas Project

Page 115

5. Renukaji Multipurpose Project

*   **Location:** Sirmaur (H.P)
 *   **River:** Giri
*   **Financial Cooperation:** Center: State  (90:10)
*   **Benefited States:** H.P, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, New Delhi
*   **Hydroelectric Power Generation Capacity:** 40 MW

6. Lakhwar (Yamuna) Multipurpose Project

*   **Location:** Dehradun (U.K)
*  **River:** Yamuna
*   **Financial Cooperation:** Center: State  (90:10)
*   **Benefited States:** H.P, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, New Delhi
*   **Hydroelectric Power Generation Capacity:** 300 MW
    *[Diagram:*
      *Renukaji (H.P)
      *Lakhwar Dam
      *Yamuna
       *H.P, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, New Delhi

Page 116

• Other Multipurpose Project:
  • Beas
  • Satluj
    • Rajiv Gandhi Canal

*  Vishnumukh Canal
     * IGNP
     * Yamuna Link Canal
       *  Bharatpur Canal
      * ERCP-Chambal

  *   Narmada Canal
     * Sardar Sarovar (Gujarat)
   * Narmada Dam

Ganga Canal (Bikaner Canal)

*   **Builder:** Maharaja Gangasingh (Bhagirath of modern India)
*   **Construction Period:** 1922-27 AD
*   **River:** Satluj
   * Satluj
*Ganga Canal
   * Indira Gandhi Canal
   * (112km (Punjab)
      * 17km (Raj)
         (Total Length=129km)
      *   Sri Ganganagar
        *   Karni Lift Canal
         *  Lakshmi Narayan Lift
           *  Lalgarh Lift
         * Samija Lift

Page 117

*   **Characteristics:**
    *(i) The most benefited district from Ganga Canal is Sri Ganganagar.*
   *  The first concrete canal in India or Rajasthan.
    *(ii) The Ganga Canal is the first multipurpose project in Rajasthan.*

Indira Gandhi Canal Project (Rajasthan Canal - Initial Name)

*   **Name Change:** 2 Nov. 1984
*   **Financial Cooperation:** World Bank
*   **Rivers:** Satluj and Beas (from Harike Barrage)
   *  IGNP
     * Planner
      *  Kanwarsain
      * Foundation
    *  Govind Vallabh Pant
   *  Inauguration
   * Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
  (1961)

• Note: Govind Vallabh Pant called Rajasthan Canal ‘Aaruganga’.
• Objectives of IGNP:
  • (i) Water supply for irrigation
  • (ii) Drinking water supply

• **Construction of IGNP:**
  

• The construction of IGNP was done in two phases:

Page 118 *First Phase (393 Km) *Second Phase (256 Km) *Feeder Canal (204) *Main Canal (189Km) *Pulana * Harike Barrage * Masitawali (Hanumangarh) * Masitawali (Hanumangarh) *Pugal (Bikaner) * Mohangarh (Jaisalmer)

Page 119

• Rajasthan ka Bhugol
• Flow System
  • Sitamadhi (Hanumangarh)
  • Pungal (Bikaner)
  • Region - Mohangarh (Jaisalmer)
  • Main road (Barmer)
  • Baja
  • South Teraj- Firozpur (Punjab)
  • 104 km - Feeder Canal
    • (Length in Rajasthan = 35 km)
    • Lata Ramdev Sub-branch (115 km)
• Total length of IGNP = 649 km
  • Main canal = 445 km
  • Feeder canal = 204 km (35 km in Raj.)
  • Length in Rajasthan = 445 + 35 = 480 KM
• A total of 7 lift canals and 9 branches have been constructed on IGNP for irrigation.
• Lift Canals of IGNP: (50 words)
  • All the lift canals of IGNP are located on the left side.
    • Because the ground level is high on the left side.
    • Chaudhary Kumbharam Lift
    • Kanwar Sen Lift
    • Pannalal-Barupal Lift
    • Tejaji Lift
    • Dr. Karni Singh Lift
    • Guru Jambheshwar Lift
    • Jai Narayan Vyas Lift

Page 120

• All lift canals length: 1495 km

1. Chaudhary Kumbharam Lift: This lift canal is spread across the highest number of districts.
   • Districts - Hanumangarh, Bikaner, Churu, Jhunjhunu
2. Kanwar Sen Lift: It is the first and longest lift of IGNP.
   • Bikaner + Sri Ganganagar
3. Pannalal-Barupal Lift: RLD fluoride drinking water project is operated on this lift.
   • Bikaner + Nagaur
4. Tejaji Lift: This lift is the smallest lift of IGNP.
   • Extent - It is only distributed in Bikaner.
5. Dr. Karni Singh Lift: Extent: Bikaner + Jodhpur
6. Guru Jambheshwar Lift: Extent: Jodhpur + Jaisalmer + Bikaner
7. Jai Narayan Vyas Lift: Jodhpur + Jaisalmer +

• Old names of those lift canals:

  1. Chaudhary Kumbharam Lift → Gandheli-Sahwa
  2. Kanwar Sen Lift → Loonkaransar
  3. Pannalal-Barupal Lift → Gajner Lift
  4. Tejaji Lift → Bagadsar
  5. Dr. Karni Singh Lift → Kolayat Lift
  6. Guru Jambheshwar Lift → Phalodi
  7. Jai Narayan Vyas Lift → Pokhran Lift Page 121

• Branches of IGNP

  • Sri Ganganagar - Suratgarh
  • Anupgarh - Anupgarh
  • Bikaner - Pugal
  • Banter
  • Birsilpur
  • Charanwala - Bikaner + Jaisalmer
  • Shaheed Birbal - Rawatsar (Hanumangarh)
    • (Independent Bypass Branch)
  • Shaheed Sagarmal Gopa

• Benefits and Disadvantages of IGNP: (100 words)

• Benefits of IGNP:

  1. Green Revolution: Due to IGNP, food grain production has increased in NW Rajasthan.
  2. Pasture Land: Due to IGNP, pasture lands have increased in NW Rajasthan.
  3. Social and Economic Condition: Due to IGNP, the social and economic condition of farmers has improved in NW Rajasthan.
  4. Biodiversity: Due to IGNP, biodiversity has increased in NW Rajasthan.
  5. Fisheries: Start of fisheries in Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh. Page 122

• Rajasthan ka Bhugol

6. Hydroelectricity: Hydroelectric power generation capacity of IGNP = 24 MW (23.5 MW) (Approx)
7. Industry: Due to IGNP, a new industrial era has started in NW Rajasthan. Ex: Petroleum Refinery.
8. Tourism: Due to IGNP, "ECO Tourism" has increased in NW Rajasthan.
9. IGNP prevents desertification.

• Disadvantages of IGNP

  1. Sem/Water Logging: Due to IGNP, the problem of Sem has increased in NW Rajasthan.
     • Cause: water leakage and excessive irrigation.
     • Meaning: The land becomes marshy.
     • Solution: Planting white/eucalyptus trees (Indo-Israel technology).
  2. Salinity: Due to IGNP, the problem of salinity has increased in NW Rajasthan.
     • Solution: Use of gypsum fertilizer or use of drip/sprinkler irrigation technology.
  3. Desert Biodiversity: Due to IGNP, desert biodiversity has decreased.
     • Solution: Desert Theme Park (Kishan Bagh, Jaipur), Cactus Park (Kuldhara, Jaisalmer), Never/Prakriti Park (Churu Sikar - Laxmangarh) Page 123

• Rajasthan ka Bhugol

1. Fertility of Land: Due to IGNP, the fertility of the land in NW Rajasthan has decreased. * Cause: Excessive use of chemical fertilizers. * Solution: More use of organic fertilizers.
2. Land Dispute: Due to IGNP, land disputes have increased. * Solution: "Justice at your Doorstep," "Administration with Villages."
   • After the land issues are resolved, IGNP is a boon for Rajasthan. For this reason, it is called the "Ganga of Western Rajasthan or the Desert."
3. Rajiv Gandhi Sidhmukh Canal - (Nohar Canal) * Start: 1989-2002 AD * Rivers: Excess water from Ravi, Beas * Benefited Districts: 1. Nohar - Bhadra (Hanumangarh) 2. Churu (Rajgarh, Sadulpur) * Financial Cooperation: European Union (1989-1998) * NABARD (1998-2002) * Ravi River * Satluj River * Beas River * Rajiv Gandhi Sindh Mukh Canal * Hanumangarh * Churu
   • Note: After the nuclear test (May-1998), the financial support by the European Union has stopped.
     • After this, financial support was provided by NABARD.

Page 124

• Rajasthan ka Bhugol

4. Yamuna Link Canal (Gurgaon Canal) * Cooperation: Rajasthan + Haryana * River: Yamuna (Okhla Dam) * Benefited Districts: Bharatpur, Shekhawati * Note: Yamuna Canal = Proposed * Cooperation: Rajasthan + Haryana * Benefited Districts: Shekhawati * Yamuna Canal * Tajewala/Hathini Kund (Haryana) * Shekhawati Yamuna Link Canal * Bharatpur
5. Bharatpur Canal * Cooperation: Rajasthan + U.P * River: Yamuna * Benefited District: Bharatpur
6. Narmada Canal: This is a part of Narmada Multipurpose Project.
   • States included: M.P, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Raj.
   • Benefited districts of Rajasthan: 1. Jalore (Sanchore) 2. Barmer
   • Note: Barmer is connected to both IGNP and Narmada Canal.

Page 125

• Rajasthan ka Bhugol

  • Entry into Rajasthan
  • Sanchore
  • Narmadeshwar Mata Temple
  • Sardar Sarovar Dam
  • Narmada (M.P)
  • Total length of Narmada Canal - 458 + 74 (Gujarat + Raj) = 532 km

• Characteristics: * Narmada Canal enters Rajasthan from Sardar Sarovar Dam (Gujarat). * Drip/sprinkler irrigation technology has been made compulsory on the Narmada Canal.

• Lift canals of Narmada Canal: * (i) Sanchore Lift Canal * (ii) Bhadreda Lift Canal (Sanchore) * (iii) Panoria Lift Canal (Barmer)

• ERCP [Eastern Rajasthan Canal Project]

  • Kalisingh-Parvati Canal (M.P)

• ERCP is an ambitious project for Rajasthan.

• During the monsoon season, the additional water of the Kunnu, Kural, Kalisindh, Chakan, Parvati, Mej rivers will be distributed to the Chambal, Banas, Banganga, and Gambhiri rivers.

Page 126

• Rajasthan ka Bhugol
• Objectives of ERCP: * Construction of 26 dams. * Irrigated area = 2.8 lakh hectares * Benefited districts = 21 (as per old data - 13) * Kota Division - Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar * ABCD - Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli, Dholpur, Sawai Madhopur * New Districts - Khairthal-Tijara, Gangapur City, Deeg * Jaipur - Dausa, Jaipur City, Jaipur Rural, Dudu, Kotputli Behror * Tonk- Ajmer, Beawar, Kekri
• Main Objectives
  1. Drinking water supply in eastern Rajasthan.
  2. Water supply for irrigation of eastern Rajasthan.
  3. Water supply to DMIC (Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor). (ERCP-Update)

Page 127

• Rajasthan ka Bhugol

Other Important Projects

1.  Navaleh (Kalisindh)- Kota
2.  Harishchandra - Kota
3.  Orapura - Kota
4.  Takli - Kota
5.  Sawan-Bhado - Kota
6.  Alania - Kota
7.  Piparda - Bundi
8.  Jait Sagar - Bundi
9.  Suwa - Bundi
10. Gardada - Bundi
11. Chakan - Bundi
12. Mej - Bundi (NOTE: Meja = Kothari River (Bhilwara))
13. Baithali - Baran
14. Bilas - Baran, Kota, Jhalawar
15. Parwan - Baran, Kota, Jhalawar
16. Andheri - Baran
17. Lasi - Baran
18. Hathiadeh - Baran
19. Rajgarh - Jhalawar
20. Bhimsagar - Jhalawar
21. Manoharthana - Jhalawar
22. Gagrin - Jhalawar
23. Piparda - Jhalawar
24. Parwan - Jhalawar
25. Kalisindh - Jhalawar, Baran, Kota
26. Choli - Jhalawar

Page 128

• Rajasthan ka Bhugol

27. Chhapi - Jhalawar
28. Rewa - Jhalawar
29. Isarda - Sawai Madhopur
30. Chikaldah - Sawai Madhopur
31. Indira Gandhi Lift Canal Project - Sawai Madhopur, Karauli
32. Bisalpur (Banas) - Tonk
33. Galwa Dam - Tonk
34. Tordi Sagar - Tonk
35. Mahi Sagar - Dausa
36. Morel - Dausa, Sawai Madhopur
37. Radiosagar - Dausa
38. Chirmiri - Dausa
39. Shivmini - Dausa
40. Parvati Dam - Dholpur
41. Dholpur Lift (Chambal) - Dholpur
42. Bankli Dam (Sukri River) - Jalore
43. Bandi-Sandara - Jalore
44. Battisa Nala - Sirohi
45. Sukli Selgada - Sirohi
46. TDI Dam - Udaipur
47. Madar Dam - Udaipur
48. Mansi Wakal - Udaipur
49. Som Kagdar - Udaipur
50. Som Kamala Amba - Dungarpur
51. Bhikhabhai Sagwara (Mahi River) - Dungarpur
52. Kadana Back Water - Dungarpur
53. Anas Dam Project - Banswara
54. Narayan Sagar - Ajmer
55. Orai - Bhilwara, Chittorgarh

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