markdown
## Milestones & Publications
* **1800th Episode Milestone:** Marked on June 21st, 2025. Series began November 4th, 2019.
* **Launch of India/World Current Affairs Yearbook:** A yearly publication covering Indian and global current affairs.
* **June 25th Half-Yearly Edition Release:** Covering January to June events, including chronological events, key topics, one-liner facts, and six current affairs tests.
## Rankings & Collaborations
* **India's Ranking in UN Women in Executive Leadership Report:** Rank not specified.
* **France's Collaboration:** Collaboration with an unspecified entity (context needed).
* **Indigo Airlines' Ranking in Skytrax:** Third place globally in Skytrax's 25 rankings.
## Elections & Initiatives
* **Bihar Elections:** Refers to Bihar's urban elections.
* **Model Rocket Testing in Bihar:** Testing took place in Bihar.
* **Andhra Pradesh's Tallik Vandana:** Andhra Pradesh's Tallik Vandana initiative.
## Awards
* **International Animation Festival Award:** An Indian recipient won a Jury Award at an international animation festival in France.
## People
* **Sucheta Raj Khanna:** Context missing.
* **Tulsi Gowda:** Environmentalist from Karnataka, known as the "encyclopedia of forests," passed away.
## Geography
* **Shipkila Pass (Himachal Pradesh):** Shipkila Pass in Himachal Pradesh.
* **Electric Locomotive Plant in Dahod (Gujarat):** Located in Dahod, Gujarat.
## Health
* **WHO:** The WHO designated January 10th as Ayush Medicine Coding and Record Day.
* **Animal Health:**
* The National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSA) in Bhopal was designated a Category A Rinderpest facility by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and FAO.
* Rinderpest, also known as cattle plague, is a highly contagious disease affecting cattle and buffaloes, often resulting in death. The designation of the Bhopal institute aims to eradicate Rinderpest.
## Sports
* **Syed Mustaq Ali Trophy:** Mumbai won the 2024 Syed Mustaq Ali Trophy.
``````markdown
- **New Toll System Implementation:**
- Implemented in India on August 15th, 2025.
- Applies to non-commercial vehicles (cars, jeeps, vans). Public transport buses excluded.
- Annual pass: ₹3000.
- Uses RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology for Fastag.
- **One Nation One Election:**
- Bill presented in Lok Sabha.
- Ram Nath Kovind Committee overseeing.
- **Sayed Mushtaq Ali Trophy:**
- Mumbai won the 2024 Sayed Mushtaq Ali Trophy.
- **Demise of Tulsi Gowda:**
- Environmentalist Tulsi Gowda ("Encyclopedia of the Forest") passed away in Karnataka.
- **WHO Ayush Medicine Coding and Record Day:**
- Observed on January 10th.
- **NIHSAD Designation:**
- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD) in Bhopal designated as a Category A Rinderpest facility by WHO and FAO.
- Related to eradicating Rinderpest (deadly animal disease).
- **India's First Diabetes Biobank:**
- Opened in Chennai.
- **Zakir Hussain's Awards:**
- Padma Shri (1988), Padma Bhushan (2002), Padma Vibhushan (2023).
- **Vyas Samman:**
- Awarded to Suryakant.
- **US HyperSonic Anti-Missile System:**
- Dark Eagle testing conducted by the United States.
- **Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar Awards:**
- *English:* "Siddhartha," a novel by Advait Kothari.
- *Hindi:* "Phir Ugana," a poem by Parvati.
- *Rajasthani:* Purnima Chand Godara received the award for "Ankas Sangmat."
- **Dogri Language:**
- Not included in Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar 2023.
- Added to Indian Constitution's 8th schedule in 2003 (92nd Amendment) with Bodo, Santhali, and Maithili.
- **India's Fastag Annual Pass:**
- ₹3000 annual pass allows unlimited toll usage (up to 200 trips) across India for one year, starting August 15th, 2024.
```* **President's Color Award:** Chhattisgarh Police received the award from Amit Shah.
* **Skotch Award:** Uttar Pradesh Police received the award.
* **Udaan Yojana:** First Udaan passenger cafe at Kolkata's Subhash Chandra Bose Airport.
* **Desert Knight Exercise:** India, France, and UAE participated.
* **Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar:**
* Awarded in 23 languages (normally 24: 22 scheduled + English + Rajasthani).
* No award for Dogri this year.
* English award: Advait Kothari, "Siddhartha, the boy who became Buddha."
* **Maruti Chitampalli Passing:** Environmentalist, "Aranya Rishi," passed away. Padma Shri awardee. Established bird, animal, and fish funds.
* **Quantum Computing Companies:**
* Willow: Google
* Megma: Microsoft
* Ironwood: Alphabet
* Majarana: Microsoft
* Ocelot: Amazon
* **ILO Convention C192:** Protects workers from biological hazards (COVID-19, monkeypox, influenza).
* **WTO Information:** Established January 1, 1995, Geneva. Head: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala.
* **World Bank Information:** Established 1944, Washington, D.C. Head: Ajay Banga (IBRD).
* **Madhav Gadgil:** UN Champions of the Earth award.
* **Donald Trump:** Time's Person of the Year.
* **D. Gukesh:** Youngest FIDE World Chess Championship winner.
* **10th World Ayurveda Congress:** Held in Uttarakhand.
* **Performance Grade Index (PGI):**
* Chandigarh: 719/1000 (Top)
* Meghalaya: 417 (Last)
* Uttar Pradesh: Aspirational 1 (521-580)
* **Indira Gandhi Peace Prize:** Varunika Michel (Chile)
* **Beema Sakhi Yojana:** Launched in Haryana.
* **Aryna Sabalenka:** WTA Player of the Year.
* **Gorakhpur, UP:** First integrated residual management city.* **Performance Grade Index (PGI) 2.0:**
* Released by the Ministry of Education for the year 2023-24.
* Scoring is out of 1000 points.
* Chandigarh ranked first with a score of 719.
* Meghalaya ranked last with a score of 417.
* Uttar Pradesh was categorized under "Aspirational 1" (521-580 points).
* **Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2024:** Awarded to Verónica Michelle from Chile.
* **Falcon 2000 Business Jets:** Production will take place in Nagpur, Maharashtra.
* **Rafale M Fighter Jets:** India has an agreement with Dassault Aviation (France) for 26 Rafale M (Marine) fighter jets.
* **University Rankings:** Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Tamil Nadu) ranked 41st globally and 1st in India in an impact ranking. Lovely Professional University ranked 48th globally.
* **Oxford Word of the Year:** "Brain rot" was chosen as Oxford's Word of the Year 2024.
* **QS World University Rankings 2026:**
* IIT Delhi ranked 123rd globally.
* IIT Bombay ranked 129th globally.
* 54 Indian Institutes featured in the rankings.
* **Times Higher Education Impact Rankings:**
* Four Indian universities ranked among the top 100 globally.
* Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Tamil Nadu) ranked 41st globally.
* Lovely Professional University (LPU) ranked 48th globally.* **Infrastructure & Transportation**
* **Pamban 2.0:** India's first vertical rail bridge, located in Tamil Nadu.
* **Uber Shikara:** India's first Uber Shikara service, operates in Dal Lake, Srinagar.
* **Environmental Conservation**
* **Rata Pani Tiger Reserve:** Became Madhya Pradesh's 8th tiger reserve and India's 57th.
* **Madhav Tiger Reserve:** India's 58th tiger reserve.
* **Kerala High Court Plastic Ban:** Ban on single-use plastics (water bottles, straws, plates), effective October 2nd, 2025, applicable to both government and private sectors. Rationale: long-term environmental impact (land pollution).
* **Rankings & Reports**
* **QS Rankings 2026:**
* MIT (USA) ranked top globally.
* IIT Delhi ranked top in India, 123rd globally.
* IIT Bombay ranked 129th globally.
* 54 Indian institutes featured.
* **Impact Rankings:** Four Indian universities in the top 100 globally.
* **Energy Transition Index 2025:**
* India: 71
* Top: Sweden
* Bottom: Congo
* Pakistan: 101
* **Global Gender Gap Index:** India: 131
* **India's Rankings in Various Indices:**
* Human Development Index: 130
* Corruption Perception Index: 96
* World Happiness Index: 118
* Press Freedom Index: 151
* **Law & Judiciary**
* **Indian High Courts:**
* First High Court: Calcutta High Court (July 1, 1862).
* Largest High Court: Allahabad High Court.
* Current Number: 25 High Courts.
* Newest High Court: Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh.
* High Courts in UTs: Delhi and Jammu & Kashmir/Ladakh (Article 241).
* **Sports**
* **Asian Esports Games:** Pawan Kaambli won a bronze medal for India in Thailand.
* **Syed Modi International Badminton Tournament:**
* Women's singles: P.V. Sindhu
* Men's singles: Lakshya Sen
* **Festivals & Events**
* **Hornbill Festival:** Nagaland, starting December 1st, lasting 10 days.
* **Maha Kumbh Mela:** 76th edition held in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh.
* **Military Exercises**
* **Harimau Shakti:** Joint exercise between India and Malaysia.
* **Samudra Lakshman:** Exercise between India and Malaysia.
* **Geography & Economics**
* **Sweden:**
* Capital: Stockholm
* **Congo:**
* Second highest biodiversity in the world.
* Congo River crosses the Equator twice.
* Distinct from Zaire.
* **Organizations**
* **World Economic Forum:**
* Founded: 1971
* Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
* Annual meeting in Davos.* **India's Ranking in Global Indices:**
* World Economic Forum's Energy Transition Index 2025: India ranked 71st.
* Global Gender Gap Index: India ranked 131st.
* **Other Country Rankings:**
* Energy Transition Index 2025: Sudan ranked first, Congo ranked last (bottom), and Pakistan ranked 101st.
* **International News:**
* Australia banned social media use by children under 16.
* Jay Shah became the youngest president of the International Cricket Council (ICC), headquartered in Dubai.
* **Capital City:**
* Stockholm is the capital of Sweden.
* **Congo's Biodiversity:**
* Congo region has the world's second-highest biodiversity. The Congo River crosses the equator twice.
* **Indian Military Operations:**
* Operation Ganga: Evacuated Indian citizens from Ukraine.
* Operation Sindur: Referenced, date mentioned as May 7th (context suggests a military operation).
* Operation Ajay: Evacuated Indian citizens from Israel.
* Operation Tikka: Targeted terrorists in the Baramulla area of Jammu and Kashmir.
* Operation Hawk: Launched by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to combat child sexual abuse.
* Operation Sankalp: Aimed at ending Naxalism in Bijapur, Chhattisgarh.
* Operation Keler: Targeted terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir.
* **Operation Sindhu:** Evacuation of Indian citizens from Iran due to the Iran-Israel conflict. 110 students, mostly from Jammu and Kashmir, were brought back via Armenia.
* **Related Operations (Iran-Israel Conflict):**
* **Operation Rising Lion:** Military operation conducted by Israel during its attack on Iran.
* **Operation True Promising:** Military operation conducted by Iran in retaliation against Israel.
* **Operation Brahma:** Indian aid operation in response to the earthquake in Myanmar.
* **Republic Day Parade (2025):** Uttar Pradesh's tableau, depicting the Maha Kumbh, was declared the best.
* **India-Cambodia Military Exercise:** A joint table-top exercise, "SindEx," was conducted in Pune.
* **India's Ranking in World Economic Forum's Energy Transition Index:** India ranked 71st in the World Economic Forum's Energy Transition Index 2025.
* **Kerala's Plastic Ban:** The Kerala High Court ordered a ban on plastic in the state starting October 2nd.
* **IIT Delhi's Top Ranking:** IIT Delhi secured the top position among Indian institutions in the QS Ranking 2026.
* **Falcon 2000 Jet Manufacturing in Maharashtra:** Reliance Infrastructure and Dassault Aviation will manufacture Falcon 2000 jets in Maharashtra.
* **Chandigarh's Top Performance in Education Ministry Report:** Chandigarh was ranked the best-performing state/UT in the Ministry of Education's 2023-24 Performance Grade Index 2.0 report.
* **ILO Convention on Workplace Biological Hazards:** The International Labour Organization adopted a convention against biological hazards in the workplace for the first time.
* **Passing of Maruti Chitampalli:** Padmashri awardee Maruti Chitampalli, known as Aranya Rishi, passed away at the age of 93.
* **Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar:** The English novel "Siddhartha" will receive the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar.
* **NIHSAD Bhopal's Recognition:** NIHSAD Bhopal was nominated for a Category A renderer pest facility by WHO and FAO.* **Indian Constitution Articles:**
* Article 263: Inter-State Council, headed by the Prime Minister.
* Article 266: Consolidated Fund of India.
* Article 267: Contingency Fund, controlled by the President.
* Article 280: Finance Commission. 15th Finance Commission chaired by N.K. Singh mentioned.
* Article 300: Right to Property (previously a fundamental right, later a legal right after the 44th Amendment).
* Article 315: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).
* Article 324: Election Commission of India.
* Article 338: National Commission for Scheduled Castes. 89th Constitutional Amendment added National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (Article 338A).
* Article 343: Official Language (Hindi).
* Article 352: National Emergency.
* Article 356: President's Rule.
* Article 360: Financial Emergency.
* Article 368: Amendment of the Constitution.
* Article 370: Jammu and Kashmir (partially revoked).
* Article 52: India shall have a President.
* Article 53: President holds executive power.
* Article 54: Election by electoral college.
* Article 55: Election method (single transferable vote).
* Article 56: Five-year term.
* Article 60: Oath of office.
* Article 61: Impeachment process.
* Article 63: India shall have a Vice President.
* Article 64: Vice President is ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.
* Article 71: Supreme Court resolves disputes in Presidential and Vice Presidential elections.
* Article 72: Power of pardon (including death penalty).
* Article 76: Office and functions of the Attorney General. R. Venkataramani is the current Attorney General.
* Article 108: Joint sittings of Parliament (only three have occurred).
* Article 110: Defines a Money Bill.
* Article 112: Details of the annual budget.
* Article 123: Presidential Ordinances.
* Article 213: Governor's Ordinances.
* Article 124: Composition, appointment, tenure, removal, and oath of Supreme Court judges. It is a court of record (Article 139).
* Article 143: Consultation between the President and the Supreme Court.
* Article 148: Mentions Girish Chandra Murmu.
* Article 153: Provision for a Governor in each state.
* Article 161: Governor's power of pardon (excluding death penalty and martial law).
* Article 165: Provision for an Advocate General in each state.
* Article 214: Establishment of High Courts.
* Article 215: High Courts are courts of record.
* Article 226: High Courts' power to issue writs.
* Articles 243 to 243O: 73rd Constitutional Amendment related to Panchayati Raj.
* Article 239A: Special provisions relating to Delhi. 69th Constitutional Amendment: Related to Delhi.
* Article 246A: Provisions regarding GST (101st Constitutional Amendment).
* Article 14: Equality before law.
* Article 17: Abolition of untouchability.
* Article 19(1)(a): Freedom of speech and expression.
* Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty.
* Article 21A (86th Amendment): Right to education as a fundamental right.
* Article 24: Prohibition of child labour.
* Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
* Article 32: Right to constitutional remedies (Dr. B.R. Ambedkar termed it the "heart and soul" of the Constitution). Supreme Court guarantees this right by issuing five types of writs.
* Article 37: Directive Principles of State Policy (non-justiciable).
* Article 38: State to strive to promote the welfare of the people.
* Article 39A: Equal justice and free legal aid.
* Article 40: Organisation of village panchayats.
* Article 44: Uniform civil code.
* Article 47: Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
* Article 50: Separation of judiciary from the executive.
* Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security.
* **Current Events:**
* Operation Sindhu launched by the Indian government to evacuate Indian citizens from Iran.
* India ranked 71st in the World Economic Forum's Energy Transition Index 2025.
* Kerala High Court banned plastics in the state starting October 2nd.
* IIT Delhi ranked top among Indian institutions in QS Rankings 2026.
* Reliance Infra and Dassault Aviation to manufacture Falcon 2000 jets in Maharashtra.
* Chandigarh ranked best-performing state/UT in the Ministry of Education's Performance Grade Index 2.0 report (2023-24).
* International Labour Organization adopted a convention against biological hazards in the workplace.
* Passing of Padma Shri awardee Maruti Chintapalli at age 93.
* Siddarth novel to receive Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar (English language).
* **Constitutional Amendments and Scheduled Languages:**
* 21st Amendment: Added Sindhi language.
* 71st Amendment: Added Nepali, Manipuri, and Konkani languages.
* 92nd Amendment: Added Bodo, Dogri, Santhali, and Maithili languages.
* Currently, there are 22 languages in the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution.
* **Constitutional Schedules and Amendments:**
* 9th Schedule: Added through the first constitutional amendment (1951), relating to land reforms.
* 10th Schedule: Added through the 52nd Amendment, relating to anti-defection provisions.
* 11th Schedule: Added through the 73rd Amendment (effective April 24, 1993), concerning Panchayati Raj and local governance; includes 29 subjects.
* 12th Schedule: Added through the 74th Amendment, concerning municipalities.
* **Fundamental Duties:**
* Article 51: Fundamental duties are listed here. (42nd Amendment, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee)* **Indian Constitution Schedules:**
| Schedule Number | Subject Matter |
|-----------------|------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 | Number of states (28) and union territories (8) in India |
| 2 | Salaries, allowances, and pensions |
| 3 | Oaths and affirmations |
| 4 | Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha |
| 5 | Administration of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes |
| 6 | Administration of tribal areas in Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, and Mizoram |
| 7 | Distribution of powers between the Union and States |
| 8 | Official languages (currently 22, initially 14) |
| 9 | (Added by 1st Constitutional Amendment, 1951) Land reforms |
| 10 | (Added by 52nd Constitutional Amendment) Anti-defection law |
| 11 | Panchayats (added by 73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1993) |
| 12 | Municipalities (added by 74th Constitutional Amendment) |
* **Constitutional Amendments and Language Additions to Schedule 8:**
* **21st Amendment:** Added Sindhi language.
* **71st Amendment:** Added Nepali, Manipuri, and Konkani languages.
* **92nd Amendment:** Added Bodo, Dogri, Santhali, and Maithili languages.
* **Key Articles of the Indian Constitution:**
* **Article 1:** Defines India as a Union of States and Union Territories.
* **Articles 5-11:** Deals with Citizenship.
* **Article 14:** Equality before the law.
* **Article 17:** Abolition of untouchability.