Rajasthan

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Lakes ​

  • Based on the nature of the water, the lakes of Rajasthan are divided into 2 parts:

    1. Saltwater Lakes
      • Cause: Remnants of the Tethys Sea
      • Most Common: Didwana-Kuchaman / Nagaur
    2. Freshwater Lakes
      • Cause: Based on rainwater and river water
      • Most Common: Udaipur

1. Saltwater Lakes ​

  • Saltwater lakes are more common in the North-West of Rajasthan
    • Because marshcast rocks are found under the lakes. [Illustration of water accumulating on top of marshcast]
      1. Sambhar = Jaipur Rural
      2. Pachpadra = Balotra
      3. Didwana = Didwana Kuchaman
      4. Kuchaman = Didwana Kuchaman
      5. Nawa = Didwana Kuchaman
      6. Degana = Nagaur- Khangar ki Khani

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7. Revasa = Sikar
8. Kochor = Sikar
9. Talchhapar = Churu
10. Loonkaransar = Bikaner
11. Phalodi = Phalodi
12. Kabod = Jaisalmer (Kanod)

1. Sambhar Lake ​

*   It is a saltwater lake located in Jaipur Rural.
*   **Builder:** Vasudev Chauhan (according to the Bijolia inscription)
*   **Characteristics:**
    **(i) Sambhar is formed by the confluence of five rivers.**
        *   Mentha: brings the most salinity.
         * Roopangarh
        *   Khari
        *   Turatmati
         *  Khandel
    **(ii) Sambhar is the largest in Rajasthan and the third largest saltwater lake in the country.**
         *   1st = Chilka Lake (Odisha)
         *   2nd = Pulicat (AP & Tamilnadu)
    **(iii) The highest salt production in the country comes from Sambhar Lake.**
       *   India = 8.9% Rajasthan = 80.90%

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(iv) Sambhar Lake is operated by a joint venture.

Sambhar
Central GovernmentState Government
HSL (Hindustan Salt Limited) = 60%SSL (Sambhar Salt Limited) = 40%

(v) Kyar: The salt produced from Sambhar is called 'Kyar'.

(vi) Sambhar Lake included in Ramsar site = 1990 * First in Rajasthan where associated animals are located. * Ramsar Site - Keoladeo (second) * (1981) Kurja, Flamingo (Pelamingo) * Note: Highest Kurja birds - Khichan Village (Phalodi) * Note: Recently (in 2019) Sambhar Lake was in the news due to the death of Kurja birds.

    *   **Cause:** Botulism (Bacterial disease - Paralysis)

(vii) Sambhar Lake is the largest inland saltwater lake in the country.

Pachpadra Lake ​

*   It is a saltwater lake located in Balotra.

[Diagram of Lake with arrows showing small kuis to kosiyas] *Water remains after seepage - Resta (Salt Produced)

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Characteristics

  • (i) This lake produces the best salt. * Because this lake contains 98% NaCl
  • (ii) Kharwal: A community that produces salt from Pachpadra.
  • (iii) Morli: A shrub that is used for salt production in Pachpadra.

Didwana Lake ​

*   It is a saltwater lake located in Didwana-Kuchaman
  *[Diagram of Lake with an arrow to Rajasthan Chemical Works]*
  • Characteristics:

    • (i) Low-grade salt is produced from this lake because sodium sulfate is found here instead of NaCl.

    • (ii) ‘Rajasthan State Chemical Works- 1964’ was established near that lake in Didwana.

Uses of Na₂SO₄ ​

*   Glass Industry
*   Paper Industry
*   Leather Industry

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2. Freshwater Lakes ​

  • Most of Rajasthan's freshwater lakes are found in Aravali (Udaipur).
  • The highest number of lakes in Rajasthan are located in Udaipur.
  • For this reason, Udaipur is called the city of lakes.

1. Jaisamand Lake / Devar Lake (Meaning: Like an ocean) ​

  • Location: Salumber (Devar Nal)
  • Builder: Maharana Jai Singh
  • Construction Period: 1685-1691 AD
  • It is located on the Gomti River [Diagram showing Goomti River, Devar lake with a dam and surrounding areas]
  • Characteristics:(i) Jaisamand Lake is the largest (artificial) freshwater lake.(ii) This lake has the highest number of islands (7). * Largest Island → Baba ka Magra * Smallest Island → Pyari

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  • (iii) The Bhil-Meena tribe lives in this lake.
  • (iv) Two canals have been constructed from this lake for irrigation. * Shyampura Canal * Bhat Canal
  • (v) Narmadeshwar Mahadev Temple and elephant statues are located near this lake.
  • (vi) High aquatic biodiversity is found in this lake.
  • (vii) For this reason, this lake is called ‘the abode of aquatic creatures’
  • (viii) This lake is also called 'Deber Lake'.

2. Pichola Lake - Udaipur ​

  • Builder: Banjare (during the reign of Rana Lakha)
    • Construction Period: 1388 AD [Diagram of the lake showing jagmandir, Jag niwas, nandi ka chabutara with a diagram of a building indicating City Palace, sarovar and surrounding areas]

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Characteristics:

  • (i) Pichola Lake was built in memory of bullocks' prosperity/wealth

  • (ii) Historical heritage related to this lake: * Natani ka Chabutra (Rana Lakha) * Jag Mandir (Jagatsingh-I) Udaipur City Palace * Jag Niwas (Jagatsingh-II)

  • (iii) Jagmandir and Jagniwas palaces are currently operating as 'Hotel Lake Palace'.

  • (iv) The first solar boat and electric boat of Rajasthan were operated in this lake.

  • (v) Excess water of Pichola Lake is released into 'Fateh Sagar'.

  • (vi) Swaroop Sagar Channel: It connects Pichola Lake to Fateh Sagar.

3. Fateh Sagar Lake/Dewali Pond/Duke of Connaught Dam ​

*   **Location:** Udaipur
*   **Builder:** Maharaja Jai Singh (1688 AD)
*   **Reconstruction:** 1888 AD, Maharana Fateh Singh
*   **River:** Sisarma Busra
  • Characteristics: * (i) Nehru Garden is located in the middle of this lake which attracts tourism.

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  • (ii) Solar Observatory, Telescope and Virtual Fish Aquarium are also located near this lake.
  • (iii) When there is a water shortage in this lake, water is supplied from Madar Dam (Bindu River).

4. Rang Sagar/Amarkoot: ​

*   **Location:** Udaipur
*  **Construction Period:** Amar Singh Birla
*  **River:** Sisarma Busra
  • Characteristics: *This lake is connected to Pichola and Swaroop Sagar.

5. Badi Lake/Jana/Jian Sagar: ​

* **Location:** Udaipur (Badi Village)
* **Builder:** Maharaja Jai Singh
* **Construction Period:** 1650-1680 AD
  • Characteristics:
    • (i) Bahubali hill is located near this lake.
    • (ii) The Mahaseer fish species is found in this lake.
    • (iii) This lake is included in the Conservation Reserve.

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6. Udaisagar - Udaipur (1559-64 AD) ​

    *   **Builder:** Maharana Udai Singh
    *   **River:** Bedach/Ayad
   *  After falling into this lake, the Ayad river is called ‘Bedach’.

7. Pichola - Udaipur ​

    *   Located near Pichola (Dudh Bawdi - Sirohi)

8. Nakki Lake (Sirohi) ​

    *  It is an example of a crater lake/volcanic lake.

Sunset point

    * Diagram:
       *   "Depth" 35 m
        *  "Height" 1200 m
        * "Tod Rock" -  ⬆️
       *   "Jan Rock" - ⬇️
       *   "Nandi Rock"
       *   "Dhon Rock"
  • Characteristics:
    • According to folk tales, this lake was created with nails.
    • This is the highest and deepest lake in Rajasthan (1200 m).
    • Nakki Lake is the coldest lake in Rajasthan. * This is the only lake with a hill station in Rajasthan.

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  • A sunset point is located on this lake, which attracts tourists.
  • The bones of the Garasia tribe are immersed in this lake.

9. Rajsamand Lake ​

*   **Location:** Rajsamand
*   **Builder:** Maharaja Raj Singh
*   **Construction Period:** 1662-76 AD
*   **Rivers:** Gomti, Tali, Kelwa

[Diagram: * sun clock - current aravali * "Gomti" "Tali" "Kelwa" * "Raj Prashasti" * 25 inscriptions * "Ghevar Mata Temple" * "Dwarkadhish Temple" * "Go Chowki Pal" (9 Steps)

  • Characteristics: * Rajsamand Lake is the first famine relief lake in Rajasthan. * The highest number of people (60,000) have contributed to the construction of this lake. * Ghevar Mata Temple and Dwarkadhish Temple are located on the banks of this lake.

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  • The Nau Chowki Pal is located on the banks of this lake.
  • Rajprashasti is also located near this lake.

10. Pushkar Lake ​

* Pushkar Lake is located in Ajmer (Pushkar).
*   Which is an example of a crater or volcanic lake.
  *[Diagram:*
    *  Aravali
    * "Semicircular lake"
    *  "Deepandan"
    *   "Brahma Temple"
     *   "Queen Mary"
     *  "Janana Ghat" or "Gandhi Ghat"
     *   "52 ghats"
  • Characteristics:
    • Pushkar is considered the holiest lake in Rajasthan.
    • Bones are immersed more in this lake, such as:
      • Mahatma Gandhi
      • Atal Bihari Vajpayee
      • Bal Thackeray
      • Kirodi Singh Baisla
    • A fair is organized on the banks of this lake on Kartik Purnima, which is called the colorful fair of Rajasthan.
    • The Brahma Temple is located near the lake.

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  • On Kartik Purnima, lamps are donated in this lake.
  • Pushkar Lake is the largest natural freshwater lake in Rajasthan.

11. Anasagar and Arnoraj Sagar ​

    *   **Location:** Ajmer city
    *   **Builder:** Arnoraj Chauhan
    *   **Construction Period:** 1136-1137 AD
    *   **River:** Bandi
    *[Diagram:*
     *    "Aravali"
     *   Bandi
       * "Chasma-E-Nur"
           * "Built by Jahangir for hunting"
        *  "Baradari"
            * "Daulat Bagh" or "Subhash Udyan"
                *  "Shahjahan"

12. Foy Sagar ​

*   **Builder:** Engineer Foy
*   **Construction Period:** 1891-92 AD
*   **River:** Bandi
 *    **Characteristics:**
         *(i) Foy Sagar is the second famine relief lake of Rajasthan (1st= Rajsamand = 1662 AD).*

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13. Man Sagar - Jaipur ​

*   **Builder:** Mansingh
*   **Construction Period:** 1610 AD
*[Diagram:*
     * "Amer" "Nahargarh Hills"
    *  "Jawahar Kala Kendra"
     *  "Mansagar Lake"
     *   "Nahargarh Hills"
         *  "Dravyavati River"
           *    "Jal Mahal"
              *   "Prayagvati"
                * "Amani Shah Nala"
                       *  "Jaipur City"
  • Characteristics:
    • Man Sagar Lake is the most polluted lake in Rajasthan.
    • Jal Mahal is located in this lake.
    • Nahargarh Hill is located near this lake.
    • The Dravyavati River and Amina Shah Nala originate from Anasagar Lake.

14. Mavtha Lake ​

  • Location: Jaipur (based on rainwater) * It is a natural lake located near Amer Fort.

15. Siliserh Lake ​

  • Location: Alwar (Sariska)
  • Builder: Maharaja Vinay Singh

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[Diagram:

  • "RTDC" - "Tourism"

  • "Fisheries" * "M"

  • Characteristics:

    • It is famous for fisheries and local tourism.
    • This lake is called 'Nandan Kanan' of Rajasthan.
    • Siliserh Lake is located on the Golden Triangle:
      • "Jaipur"
      • "Delhi"
      • "Agra"

16. Kaylana Lake (Sir Pratap Sagar Lake) ​

*  **Location:** Jodhpur
*  **Builder:** Sir Pratap Singh
*  **Construction Period:** 1872 AD
  *[Diagram:*
   * "Beas"
    *  "Satluj"
      *  "Harike Barrage"
         * "IGNP"
          * "Rajiv Gandhi Lift Canal"
           * "Kaylana Lake"

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  • Characteristics:
    • Kaylana is the only lake in Rajasthan that is connected to IGNP.

17. Kolayat Lake (Kapil Sarovar) - Bikaner ​

*   **Builder:** Kapil Muni
*   **Characteristics:**
      *   (i) 52 Ghats are located on the banks of this lake.
      *  (ii) A fair is organized on the banks of this lake on Kartik Purnima.
       *   (iii) Lamps are donated in this lake on Kartik Purnima.
  • Note: The Charan community does not visit (worship) Kolayat Lake because their revered Karni Mata's adopted son died here.

18. Gajner Lake - (Based on Rainwater) ​

*   **Location:** Bikaner (near Gajner Palace)
*   **Builder:** Maharaja Gangasingh
*  **Note:** Gajner Lake is called the 'pure mirror of water'.

19. Ramgarh Lake ​

*   **Location:** Baran
  • Characteristics:
  • (i) It is an example of a crater/meteorite lake.

Page 106 *(ii) This lake is surrounded by horseshoe-shaped hills. [Diagram: * "Horseshoe-shaped hills" * "O" *(iii) This lake was included in the list of geo-heritage sites by UNESCO in 2020 (notified - 2024).

Other Important Points ​

  1. Other Important Lakes of Rajasthan[Diagram: Map of Rajasthan with various lakes marked:
    • Balsaamand (Jodhpur) * Sardar Samand (Pali) * Nand Samand (Banas)- "Life Line of Rajsamand" * Anoop Sagar , Sur Sagar (Anupgarh)
      • "Bhooj"
      • "Radisar"
        • "Amar Sagar"
    * Jasamand (Dam) - Alwar
* Talavada (Dholpur)
    • Talabshahi , Ramsagar (Dholpur) * Anand Sagar (Banswara)
      • "Bai Talab"
    • Devlaat Pond (Banswara)
    • Chhaganwala pond (Bikaner)
    • Jaisalmer Page 107

  • Diagram: Map of Rajasthan with various lakes marked: * "Dugari Dam" or "Kanak Sagar" * "Jait Sagar" * "Navlakha Lake" * "Man Sarovar Bandh" * "Edward Sagar" *or * "Gop Sagar"(Maitre Sagar)

    • "Gandhi Sagar Lake" and "Kadla Lake"

  • Note:

    • Navlakha = Lake = Bundi
    • Pond = Baran
    • Bawdi = Dungarpur

National Lake Conservation Plan ​

*   **Start:** 2001/ April 1, 2016
*   **Financial Support:** Center: State
    *   60%: 40%
* **Lakes of Rajasthan Included in That Program: (6)**
    1. Man Sagar (Jaipur)
    2. Pushkar (Ajmer)
    3. Ana Sagar (Ajmer)
    4. Pichola (Udaipur)
    5. Fateh Sagar (Udaipur)
    6. Nakki Lake (Sirohi)

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Major Tube Wells/Wells of Rajasthan ​

[Diagram: * "Rohijan Tube Well" * "Dhar ka Ghada" (Jaisalmer) * "Batadu Well" * "Water Palace of the Desert" * "Bayatu - Barmer" * "Marble-made"

Importance of Lakes ​

[Diagram: * Salt Production - Ex. Sambhar, Pachpadra, Didwana * Water Conservation - Ex. Pichola * Irrigation * Fisheries * Groundwater Conservation * Tourism - Ex. Nakki, Man Sagar, Pushkar * Biodiversity - Ex. Jaisamand * Religious Importance - Pushkar, Kolayat, Nakki

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