• Awards & Recognition

  • Justice K.S. Hegde Award: Sudha Murty (Rajya Sabha MP)
  • Knighthood: Sir David Beckham (King Charles III's birthday)
  • Golden Peacock Award (55th IFFI): Toxic (Lithuania)

• Sports

  • World Junior Chess Championship: Pranav Venkatesh (2025 title)
  • Norwegian Chess Championship:
    • Women: Anna Muzychuk
    • Men: Magnus Carlsen
  • Miss World: Apala Sucheta (Thailand)

• International Relations & Organizations

  • United Nations Security Council: Temporary members (2026-2027): Latvia, Bahrain, Colombia, Liberia, Zaire
  • Ocean Conference: Held in Nice, France
  • UNCED Conference (16th session): Held in Riyadh (combating desertification)
  • World Oceans Day: June 8th

• Defense & Technology

  • Drone Technology Patent: Russia (automatic drone launch from orbital stations)
  • Rafale Fighter Jet: Rear fuselage to be manufactured in India (Dassault Aviation and Tata)
  • Online Digital Platform: Indian Army launched Eklavya

• National News

  • Lok Sabha: Sanita Patra and Naresh Kalich Munda appointed to PCI
  • Neolithic Discoveries: Daujali, Assam
  • Basant Utsav: Celebrated in Champhai, Mizoram
  • New Mango Variety: "Rajnath Aam" developed by Kalamullah Khan (India's "Mango Man")

• People

  • Subhanshu Shukla: Related to the EXOM mission, from Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh* India's First Vande Bharat Maintenance Depot: Established in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Inaugurated by Ashwini Vaishnaw, India's Railway Minister.

• Chenab River Rail Bridge:

  • Length: 10,315 meters
  • Height: 359 meters
  • Connects: Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla rail link.

• 9000 Horsepower Engine: Being developed in Dahod, Gujarat.

• 55th IFFI: Toxic, a Lithuanian film, won the Golden Peacock Award.

• Indian Army: Launched the online digital platform, Eklavya.

• UNCCD Conference: The 16th session was held in Riyadh, focusing on combating desertification.

• New Mango Variety: Kalamullah Khan (India's "Mango Man") developed a new mango variety named "Rajnath Aam" after Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.

• India-Singapore Military Exercises: Agni Warrior and Simbex exercises are conducted between India and Singapore, recently held in Maharashtra.

• Raja Suheldev Smarak:

  • 17-ton monument, 40 feet high.
  • Inaugurated on June 10th in Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh.
  • Designed by Shri Ram Suthar (also designed the Statue of Unity).
  • Foundation stone laid in 2021.
  • Raja Suheldev defeated Ghaznavid commander Ghazi Sayyid Salar Masud in 1033.

• Green Hydrogen Hub: India's largest green hydrogen hub inaugurated in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

• Space AI Lab: India's first space AI lab built by "Take Me To Space".

• Appointments:

  • T. Ravishankar appointed as a part-time member of the 16th Finance Commission, replacing Ajay Narayan Jha. He was previously a Deputy Governor of the RBI.
  • Shailesh Singh Mehta appointed as the chairman of the Fertilizer Association of India.
  • Masatsugu Asakawa appointed as the 11th President of the Asian Development Bank.

• Current Affairs:

  • Uttar Pradesh is the top milk-producing state according to Basic Livestock Census 2024.
  • Hemant Soren is the 14th Chief Minister of Jharkhand.* 16th Finance Commission:
  • Chairperson: Arvind Panagariya
  • Secretary: Ritvik Ranjan Pandey
  • Members: Annie George Mathew, Soumya J., Dr. Niranjana
  • Part-time Member: T. Ravisankar (replacing Ajay Narayan Jha)
  • Term: 2026-2031
  • Constitutional Basis: Article 280 (establishment), Article 281 (report to President)
  • First Finance Commission Chairperson: K.C. Neogy

• 15th Finance Commission Chairperson: N.K. Singh

• Fertilizer Association of India Chairperson: Shailesh Singh Mehta

• T. Ravisankar: Former Deputy Governor of RBI

• IPL 2023:

  • Rishabh Pant: Most expensive player (₹27 crore, Lucknow Super Giants)
  • Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB): Winner
  • RCB Captain: Faf du Plessis
  • Opponent: Punjab Kings (Captain: Shreyas Iyer)
  • Orange Cap: Sai Sudharsan (Gujarat Titans)
  • Purple Cap: Prasieed Krishna (Gujarat Titans)

• Green Hydrogen Buses:

  • First launch: Ladakh

• International Cooperative Alliance:

  • Global Cooperative Summit: India (2025)
  • 2025: International Year of Cooperatives

• Squash:

  • Anahat Singh: PSA Women's Young Player of the Year, Women's Challenger of the Year

• Table Tennis:

  • Players: Manika Batra, Sreeja Akula, Sharath Kamal (retired)

• Badminton:

  • Players: P.V. Sindhu, Saina Nehwal, Kidambi Srikanth

• Shooting:

  • Manu Bhaker: Two bronze medals at Paris Olympics, Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award

• Cyclones (Bay of Bengal):

  • Cyclone Dana: Named by Qatar
  • Cyclone Fengal: Named by Saudi Arabia
  • Cyclone Shakti: Named by Sri Lanka
  • Cyclone Asani: Named by Pakistan* New Greater Flamingo Sanctuary: Established in Dhanushkodi, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu, within a wetland area.

• India's Ramsar Sites:

  • India has 91 Ramsar sites.
  • Tamil Nadu has the most Ramsar sites in India.
  • Recent additions: Khichan (Jodhpur, Rajasthan) & Mannar (Udaipur, Rajasthan).
  • Ramsar Convention: Signed Feb 2, 1971, in Iran. World Wetlands Day is celebrated on Feb 2.
  • Chilika Lake: India's first Ramsar site.

• Himachal Pradesh's First Solar Village: Raja Khas village, Kangra district.

• Miss Universe: Victoria Kaiser (Denmark) won the title.

• International Booker Prize: Banu Mustaq won for "Heart Lamp".

• Miss World 2025: Held in Hyderabad.

• India's Tiger Reserves:

  • 57th: Ratapani (Madhya Pradesh)
  • 58th: Madhav (Madhya Pradesh)
  • Tiger Project started in 1973.

• India's Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG): Sanjay Murthy appointed; term of 6 years or until age 65. Nirhari Rao was the first CAG. Article 148 relates to this appointment.

• New FM Radio Station:

  • ibex Tarana 88.4 FM launched in Jyotirmath, Garhwal region, Uttarakhand.
  • Launched by Upendra Dwivedi. FM stands for Frequency Modulation.

• All India Radio (AIR):

  • Established in 1927.
  • Renamed All India Radio on June 8, 1936.
  • Renamed Akashvani in 1957.
  • Motto: "Bahujan Hitaya, Bahujan Sukhaya."

• G20 Summit: 19th summit hosted by Brazil.

• Indian Army FM Launch:

  • "IBAX Tarana 88.4 FM" launched in Garhwal region, Uttarakhand.

  • Launched by Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi.

  • Second FM station by Indian Army in Uttarakhand; first was "Panchshul Pulse" in Pithoragarh.

  • Station located in Jyotirmath, Garhwal region.* Indus Valley Civilization:

  • Mohenjo-daro: "Mound of the Dead," discovered by Rakhaldas Banerjee, Pakistan.

  • Dholavira: Three-part city (West, East, Central), Gujarat, India's 40th UNESCO site.

  • Indus Valley Civilization Sites:

    • Bead-making factory: Chanhu-daro
    • Ploughed fields: Kalibangan
    • Dockyard: Lothal (Gujarat)
    • Largest museum: Rakhigarhi (Haryana)

• Current Events:

  • High-altitude parasport center: Ladakh.
  • Book "Why India Matters": S. Jaishankar.
  • 19th G20 Summit: Brazil.
  • IBEX Tarana 88.4 FM: Launched by Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi in Joshimath, Garhwal region, Uttarakhand. Preceded by "Panchshul Pulse" FM in Pithoragarh.
  • Civilization Older than Indus Valley Civilization: Predates Indus Valley by 5000 years. Bone remains and pottery found, dated via Carbon-14. Collaborative effort: IIT Gandhinagar, IIT Kanpur, and Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

• Indus Valley Civilization Details:

  • Name: Indus Valley Civilization or Sindhu Valley Civilization.

  • Period: Proto-historic (undeciphered script).

  • Materials: Bronze (copper + tin); no iron.

  • Major Sites:

    • Harappa: Discovered by Dayaram Sahni, Pakistan.
    • Mohenjo-daro: (Mound of the Dead) Discovered by Rakhaldas Banerjee, Pakistan.
    • Dholavira: Gujarat, India; three-part city; India's 40th UNESCO site. Bead-making and plowed fields found.

• Nigeria's Award to PM Modi:

  • Nigeria conferred its highest civilian award, the GCON award, on Prime Minister Modi.

• Discovery of 5000-Year-Old Civilization:

  • Human civilization predating the Indus Valley Civilization by 5000 years discovered near Dholavira, Gujarat, India.

• Discovery Details:

  • Remains: bones and pottery.
  • Dating: Carbon-14.
  • Made jointly by IIT Gandhinagar, IIT Kanpur, and PRL Ahmedabad.

• Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization):

  • Protohistoric (undeciphered script).
  • Used bronze (copper + tin).
  • Harappan site discovered by Dayaram Sahni (Pakistan).

• Banking Sector News:

  • State Bank of India (SBI) eliminated penalties for minimum balance requirements in 2020.
  • Syndicate Bank merged with Canara Bank. Nationalized in 1969, established in 1906, HQ in Bengaluru.
  • Nationalization of banks: 14 banks in 1969; 6 in 1980; Reserve Bank of India nationalized January 1, 1949.

• Current Events:

  • Indian Coast Guard conducted 'REEPRAX-24' in Paradip.
  • Nigeria awarded Prime Minister Modi the GCON award.
  • Remains of a human civilization 5000 years older than the Indus Valley Civilization were discovered near Dholavira (Gujarat), 1 km from Dholavira in the Kutch region. Remains included bones and pottery. Discovery made by IIT Gandhinagar and IIT Kanpur.

• Canara Bank Eliminates Minimum Balance Penalty:

  • Canara Bank has removed the minimum monthly balance requirement and associated penalties for savings accounts.
  • Canara Bank was nationalized in 1969 and its headquarters are in Bengaluru.
  • Syndicate Bank recently merged with Canara Bank.
  • Canara Bank was established in 1906.

• National Tribal Pride Day:

  • National Tribal Pride Day is celebrated on November 15th, commemorating Birsa Munda's birth anniversary.
  • This date also marks the creation of Jharkhand state in 2000, when it separated from Bihar.* 2023 French Open:
  • Carlos Alcaraz won the men's singles title.
  • Jannik Sinner was the runner-up.
  • The final match lasted 5 hours and 30 minutes, the longest in French Open history.
  • Coco Gauff (USA) won the women's singles title, defeating Aryna Sabalenka (Belarus).

• Grand Slam Tournaments:

  • Four Grand Slam tournaments are held annually: Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open.
  • Wimbledon (started 1877) is played on grass court.
  • US Open (started 1881) is played on hard court.
  • French Open (started 1891) is played on clay court.
  • Australian Open (started 1905) is played on hard court.

• Recent News:

  • Pandit Ramnarayan, a renowned Sarangi player, passed away recently.
  • Philip Noyce received the 55th IFFI Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award.
  • India celebrates National Tribal Pride Day on November 15th, commemorating Birsa Munda's birth anniversary and the formation of Jharkhand state in 2000.
  • Canara Bank eliminated the minimum average monthly balance requirement for all savings bank accounts, removing associated penalties.

• Space Mission:

  • Second Indian, Shubhanshu Shukla, will be a pilot on the Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station.
  • Mission commander: Peggy Whitson.
  • Mission duration: 14 days.
  • Research will focus on seed germination and human health.

• India:

  • Telangana declared Sadar Sammelan a state festival.
  • Second water metro project in Bangalore (after Kochi).

• International Events:

  • COP29 UN Climate Change Conference held in Baku, Azerbaijan.

• Axiome-4 Mission:

  • Launch date: June 10, 2025.
  • Launched by: NASA and SpaceX.
  • Rocket used: Falcon 9.
  • Capsule used: Dragon capsule.
  • Pilot: Shubhanshu Shukla (second Indian to travel to the International Space Station).
  • Mission Commander: Peggy Whitson.
  • Mission duration: 14 days.
  • Mission objective: Research on seed germination and farming techniques in space.
  • First Indian to travel to space: Rakesh Sharma (1984, Soyuz spacecraft).

• Other Current Events:

  • Discovery of a 5000-year-old human civilization in Kutch, Gujarat.
  • Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi inaugurated IBEX Sarana 88.4 FM in Uttarakhand.
  • Tamil Nadu declared Dhanushkodi as a Greater Flamingo Sanctuary.
  • Anahat Singh awarded PSA Women's Young Player of the Season.
  • T. Ravishankar appointed as part-time member of the 16th Finance Commission.
  • Inauguration of Raja Suheldev's memorial in Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh by CM Yogi Adityanath.
  • Launch of India's first Vande Bharat maintenance depot in Rajasthan.
  • Development of a new mango variety named after Defence Minister Rajnath Singh by "Mango Man" Kalimullah Khan.* Axiome-4 Mission:
  • Launched June 10th, 2025.
  • Included four astronauts, one of whom was an Indian.

• French Open 2025:

  • Carlos Alcaraz won the men's singles title.

• Kenara Bank:

  • Ended the requirement for minimum average monthly balance in savings bank accounts.

• Archaeological Discovery in Gujarat:

  • A 5000-year-old human civilization (pre-dating the Indus Valley Civilization) discovered in Kutch.

• Indian Army:

  • General Upendra Dwivedi inaugurated an Ibex Sarana (88.4 FM) radio station in Uttarakhand.

• Tamil Nadu:

  • Declared Dhanushkodi as a Greater Flamingo Sanctuary.

• Sports Award:

  • Anahat Singh received the PSA Women's Young Player of the Season award.

• Appointments:

  • T. Ravishankar appointed as part-time member of the 16th Finance Commission.

• Inauguration:

  • Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath inaugurated a monument for Raja Suheldev in Bahraich.

• Vande Bharat Depot:

  • India's first Vande Bharat maintenance depot will be established in Rajasthan.

• New Mango Variety:

  • Kalamullah Khan developed a new mango variety named after Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.

• Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007):

  • Started in 2002, ended in 2007.
  • Based on input-output model.
  • Focused on social justice, empowerment, and economic development.
  • Achieved the highest growth rate to date at 7.6%.
  • Introduction of NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) in 2005, implemented nationwide on February 2, 2006.

• Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012):

  • Target: Rapid and inclusive development.
  • Started in 2007, ended in 2012.
  • Initial growth target of 9% reduced to 8.1%, achieving 8% (highest to date).
  • Right to Education Act, 2009, implemented April 1, 2010.

• Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012-2017):

  • Target: Rapid, sustainable, and inclusive development.
  • Started in 2012, ended in 2017; the final plan.
  • Focused on rapid growth, environmental considerations, and inclusive development.
  • Initial target of 9% revised to 8.2%, then 8%, achieving 6.7%–6.9%.
  • Agriculture target: 4%.
  • Reproduction rate target: 2.1% (replacement rate).

• India's Economic Policies (1991 onwards):

  • 1991: Adoption of the New Economic Policy (LPG - Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) in response to a foreign exchange crisis.

• Eight Five-Year Plan (1992-1997):

  • Model: John W. Miller model.
  • Focus: Human resource development, influenced by the Human Development Index (HDI) introduced in 1990-91 by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen through the UNDP.
  • 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (1992): Panchayati Raj and Municipalities.
  • Establishment of NABARD (date unspecified).
  • Establishment of WTO: January 1, 1995.

• Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002):

  • Target: Economic prosperity with social justice and empowerment.
  • Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) launched on December 25, 2000.
  • Kargil War occurred during this period.

• Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007):

  • Model: Input-output model.
  • Target: Development with social justice and empowerment.
  • Highest growth rate achieved: 7.6%.
  • National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) enacted in 2005, implemented February 2, 2006.

• Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012):

  • Target: Rapid and inclusive development.
  • Highest growth rate achieved: 8%.
  • Right to Education Act (RTE) 2009, implemented April 1, 2010.

• Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990):

  • Goal: Modernization and social justice.
  • Slogan: "Roti, Rozi, aur Utpadakta" (Food, Work, and Productivity) or "Bhojan, Kaam, aur Utpadakta".
  • Target growth rate: 5%, Achieved growth rate: 6%.
  • Followed by a two-year plan holiday.
  • Establishment of SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) in 1988.

• Plan Holiday (1990-1992):

  • Two-year period without a formal five-year plan.

• Economic Crisis of 1991:

  • Foreign exchange reserves crisis under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.
  • Adoption of the New Economic Policy (NEP) – LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization).

• Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-1997):

  • Based on the John W. Mellor model.
  • Focused on human resource development.
  • Introduced after the Human Development Index (HDI) was introduced in 1990-91 by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen, through the UNDP.
  • 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (Panchayati Raj and Municipalities) enacted in 1992.
  • WTO established on January 1, 1995.

• Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985):

  • Input-output model.
  • Goals: Employment creation and poverty eradication.
  • Establishment of NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) in 1982.
  • Nationalization of six more banks in 1980.
  • Operation Blue Star and India's occupation of Siachen Glacier in 1984.

• Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990):

  • Goals: Modernization and social justice.
  • Slogan: "Roti, Rozi, aur Utpadakta" (Food, Work, and Productivity) or "Bhojan, Kaam aur Utpadakta".
  • Target growth rate: 5%; Achieved growth rate: 6%.
  • Establishment of SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) in 1988.

• Plan Holiday (1990-1992):

  • A two-year break in the Five-Year Plan system.

• 1991 Economic Crisis and New Economic Policy:

  • Foreign exchange crisis.
  • Adoption of LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) policy.

• Eighth Five-Year Plan (starting in 1992):

  • Started in 1992; duration 5 years.* Five-Year Plans & Related Events:

  • First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956):

    • Model: Harrod-Domar.
    • Focus: Agriculture.
    • Target growth rate: 2.1%; Achieved: 3.6%.

  • Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961):

    • Model: Mahalanobis.
    • Emphasis: Heavy industry.
    • Establishment of steel plants: Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur.
    • Target growth rate: 4.5%; Achieved: 4.27%.

  • Third Five-Year Plan (1961-1966):

    • Model: Sukhamoy Chakravarty.
    • Focus: Agriculture and industry.
    • Impacted by: Sino-Indian War (1962), Indo-Pak War (1965).
    • Establishment: Food Corporation of India (1965).

  • Plan Holiday (1966-1969):

    • Three-year gap.
    • Introduction of annual plans.
    • Launch of the Green Revolution.

  • Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974):

    • Model: Ashok Rudra (draft by D.R. Gadgil).
    • Focus: Development with stability.
    • Target growth rate: 5.5-5.7%; Achieved: 3.3%.
    • 1971: Indo-Pak War.
    • 1974: Operation Smiling Buddha (first nuclear test in Pokhran).
    • 1969: Nationalization of 14 banks.

  • Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1978):

    • Model: D.P. Dhar.
    • Focus: Poverty eradication.
    • Ended prematurely in 1978.
    • Target growth rate: 4.4% (actual 4.8%).

  • Rolling Plan (1978-1980):

    • Initiated after government change.

  • Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985):

    • Model: Input-output.
    • Goals: Employment, poverty eradication.
    • Establishment: NABARD (1982).
    • Nationalization of six banks (1980).
    • Operation Blue Star, Operation Meghdoot (1984).