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* **State-Specific Exam Coverage:**
* Uttar Pradesh: Police exams.
* Bihar: TR, PCS, CS, Police recruitment exams.
* Rajasthan: Police, Patwari, Video exams.
* Madhya Pradesh: Sub-Inspector recruitment, teaching exams, PCS exam.
* **Current Affairs Focus:** Past six months.
* **State-Specific Current Affairs:** Free content (text and video) covering the last six months for Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh. Planned expansion to West Bengal, Jharkhand, Haryana, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, and Punjab.
* **Sports Update:** Neeraj Chopra won a silver medal.
* **April 4th Current Events:**
* "Bhoomi Sanshodhan Vidheyak" (Land Amendment Bill) passed in the 24th Lok Sabha.
* Central government launched anti-rabies and anti-snakebite initiative.
* Prime Minister Modi participated in Ramayana event in Thailand.
* "Sagarika" initiative took place in Kochi.
* Piyush Goyal inaugurated a Startup Maha Kumbh in Delhi.
* "Kumbhakarna Paana Patta" held in Tamil Nadu.
* Rajasthan ranked first in solar plant installations at railway stations.
* Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority's chairman is Shiv Subramaniam Raman.
* "Shunya Garibi" program launched in Andhra Pradesh.
* Microsoft will establish AI centers in Nagpur, Mumbai, and Pune.
* OSHLOD is related to Amazon.
* **India-Nepal Joint Military Exercise:** Joint operation on Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga approved.
* **Parliamentary Bill Passage:** The Bakhsh Amendment Bill was passed in the 24th Lok Sabha.
* **Government Initiatives:**
* Central government launched anti-rabies and anti-snakebite initiative.
* Prime Minister Modi attended a Ramayana event in Thailand.
* Kochi initiative launched under the Hind Maha Sagar Jalasagar initiative.
* Piyush Goyal inaugurated the Startup Maha Kumbh in Delhi.
* Rajasthan ranked first in solar plant installations at railway stations.
* Shibu Subramaniam Raman was appointed to the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority.
* Andhra Pradesh launched the "Zero Poverty" program.
* Microsoft will establish AI centers in Nagpur, Mumbai, and Pune.
```* **Vibrant Village Programme:**
* ₹6839 crore allocated (second phase).
* Targets border areas to improve livelihoods, living standards, and control crime.
* Launched in 2023 (first phase), 100% central government funding.
* **UNESCO World Heritage Site:**
* India's 43rd cultural site: Moidadam (Assam).
* **Awards:**
* World Space Award: Chandrayaan 3.
* Gandhi Mandela Award: Rigoberta Menchú.
* **International Agreements:**
* India to operate a terminal at Mongla Port (Bangladesh).
* **Paris 2024 Olympics (Indian Medalists):**
* Manu Bhaker.
* Manu Bhaker & Sartaj Singh.
* Swapnal Kusale.
* Indian Hockey Team.
* Neeraj Chopra.
* Aman Shehrawat (boxing).
* **Joint Military Exercise:**
* India and Nepal to conduct a joint military exercise on Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga.
* **Port Rankings (FY25):**
* First: Paradip Port.
* Second: Deendayal Port (formerly Kandla Port).
* **New Port:**
* Rewas Port inaugurated in Maharashtra.
* **Awards and Honors:**
* Abhinav Bindra awarded the Olympic Order by the IOC.
* Kinza Lily crowned the world's first Miss AI.
* Shahrukh Khan honored with gold coins by the Grévin Museum in Paris.
* **National Building Rename:**
* Rashtrapati Bhavan's Darbar Hall renamed "Ganatantra Mandap".
* **Sports Trophies:**
* Vijay Hazare Trophy (Cricket).
* **India's First Medical Institutional Museum:**
* Located in Chandigarh.
* **Economy:**
* Real GDP growth in FY 2023-24: 8.2%.
* **Military:**
* First woman officer in Army Air Defence Corps deployed in Siachen Glacier: Supriya Sity.
* **Indian Army's Batalik Cricket League:**
* Held in Ladakh at the Zubir Stadium.
* 13 teams participated.
* **Indian Cricket Trophies:**
* CK Nayudu Trophy.
* Ranji Trophy.
* Irani Trophy.
* Deodhar Trophy.
* Duleep Trophy.
* Vijay Hazare Trophy.
* **National Youth Awards:**
* Awarded by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
* 24 individuals received the award this year.
* Aakash Shroff, founder of Yuva Spark (Bengaluru-based organization), received the National Youth Award for his work in digitizing Anganwadis and improving early childhood education in rural areas.
* **International Events:**
* ICC Annual Conference: Held in Colombo.
* UN Water Conference: Coted DiDover was the 53rd country.
* 45th Space Research Committee's global conference: Held in South Korea.
* **Sports:**
* First Olympic Esports Games: Hosted by Saudi Arabia.
* Batalik Cricket League:
* Organized by the Indian Army in Ladakh.
* Held at Zubur Stadium.
* 13 teams participated.
* **India Specific:**
* Uttarakhand launched the first Gross Environment Product index in India.
* The second "Our Constitution, Our Pride" event was held in Prayagraj. The first was in Bikaner, and the third in Guwahati.
* India's first overseas Jan Aushadhi Kendra was inaugurated in Mauritius by External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar.
* **Appointments:**
* Ursula von der Leyen appointed President of the European Commission.
* **Assam Festivals:**
* Gumcha scarf is a common gift exchanged during festivals in Assam.
* Bagurumba Festival, Jonbeel Mela, and Ambubachi Mela (Kamakshya Temple) are also held in Assam.
* Bihu Festival: Celebrated three times a year:
* *Magh Bihu*: Celebrated around Makar Sankranti in January.
* *Bohag Bihu/Rongali Bihu*: Celebrated in April, marks the beginning of the Assamese New Year and the harvesting season.
* *Kati Bihu*: Celebrated in October-November, marks the end of the harvesting season. Kati Bihu symbolizes the cutting of crops and sowing of seeds; Bohag Bihu symbolizes the arrival of the harvest.
* **Sports:**
* Wimbledon Men's 2024 winner: Carlos Alcaraz
* Australian Open 2025 winners:
* Men: Jannik Sinner
* Women: Aryna Sabalenka
* Copa América Championship winner: Argentina
* **India-related Operations:**
* Operation Jazba: ITBP seized 108 kg of gold on the China border.
* Operation Brahma: Launched to provide assistance to Myanmar.
* **Festivals:**
* Kharchi, Garia, and Hojagiri festivals: Celebrated in Tripura.
* Rongali Bihu (also known as Bohag Bihu): Celebrated in Assam in April.
* Magh Bihu: Celebrated in January.
* Kati Bihu: Celebrated in October/November.
* **Missile Testing:** The Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) was tested in Abdul Kalam Island (formerly Wheeler Island), Odisha. Development was a joint effort between DRDO (India) and Israel.
* **Israel:**
* Parliament: Knesset
* Currency: New Shekel
* Prime Minister: Benjamin Netanyahu
* Religion: Judaism
* Famous Festival: Hanukkah
* **DRDO Missile Test:**
* DRDO, in collaboration with Israel, successfully tested the MRSM missile.
* MRSM stands for Medium Range Surface-to-Air Missile.
* The test was conducted at the Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Island in Odisha.
* The missile was previously known as Wheeler Island.
* DRDO was established on January 1, 1958. Its motto is "बलश्यं मूलं विज्ञानम्" (Science is the source of strength). Samir V Kamat is the current head.
* **Jharkhand Current Affairs:**
* Hemant Soren, from the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, is the current Chief Minister.
* The Maiya Samman Yojana is a significant government scheme.
* Sarhul is a famous festival celebrated in Jharkhand by the Uraon and Munda tribes.
* Panchayati Raj Day is celebrated on April 24th. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment (1992) came into effect on April 24th, 1993.
* **Indian Polity and Governance:**
* The 11th Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains 29 subjects (Article 243G).
* The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee recommended the three-tier panchayati raj system in India.
* The Ashok Mehta Committee recommended a two-tier panchayati raj system.
* **Recent Developments:**
* Rajasthan launched the Mukhyamantri Mangla Pashu Beema Yojana, an animal insurance scheme, covering 2.1 million animals.
* The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) launched the Financial Inclusion Index for the fiscal year 2023-24.
* The first World Audio Visual and Entertainment Summit 2024 was held in Goa.
* NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development), established on July 12, 1982, based on the recommendations of the Shivraman Committee, launched AgriSure to support agricultural startups.
* **National Tribal Pride Day:** Celebrated on November 15th, coinciding with the formation of Jharkhand state in 2000.
* **Birsa Munda:** His alternative name is Dharti Abba.
* **Panchayati Raj:**
* Panchayati Raj Day is celebrated on April 24th, commemorating the 73rd Constitutional Amendment of 1992, which came into effect on April 24th, 1993.
- **National Level "Our Tradition, Our Heritage" Program:**
- Held in New Delhi.
- Organized by the Panchayati Raj Ministry.
- Jharkhand provided support.
- Focused on encouraging education among tribal communities to prioritize education to promote their culture.
- Coincides with the 150th birth anniversary year of Bhagwan Birsa Munda.
- **Bhagwan Birsa Munda:**
- 150th birth anniversary celebrated.
- Also known as "Dharti Abba."
- Birth anniversary is on November 15th.
- November 15th is also observed as National Tribal Pride Day. This date also marks the formation of Jharkhand as a separate state from Bihar in 2000.
- **Jharkhand:**
- First Chief Minister: Babulal Marandi
- **Frontier Technology Index 2024:** India ranked 36th out of 170 countries in the UNCTAD's Frontier Technology Index, based on technology readiness and AI infrastructure development.
- **Artificial Intelligence (AI) Summits:** Three AI summits were held: Blachley (England), Seoul (South Korea), and Paris (France).
- **Gig Workers Bill:** Karnataka became the second Indian state (after Rajasthan) to introduce a Gig Workers Bill.
- **Tourism Mutual Fund:** Tata Asset launched India's first tourism-focused mutual fund.
- **New Spider Species:** A new jumping spider species, *Hebrocyrtus swaminathani*, was discovered in the Western Ghats, named after M.S. Swaminathan, recent recipient of India's highest award.
- **Paris Olympics Flag Bearers:** P.V. Sindhu and Sharath Kamal were India's flag bearers at the opening ceremony; Manu Bhaker and P.R. Sreejesh at the closing ceremony. Gagandeep Narang led the Safe Mission.
- **Agriculture:** Maharashtra was selected for the 2024 Best Agricultural State Award.
- **Space Exploration:** SpaceX launched the Polaris Dawn mission for a spacewalk.
- **Cricket:** Gautam Gambhir was appointed the new head coach of the Indian men's cricket team.
- **International Relations:** Prime Minister Modi received the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called, Russia's highest civilian award.
- **Technology Index:**
- India ranked 36th out of 170 countries in the UNCTAD's (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) Frontier Technology Index 2024.
- The ranking assessed technology readiness and AI infrastructure development.
- **Manoj Kumar's Demise and Awards:** Manoj Kumar (famous as Bharat Kumar), passed away at the age of 87 in Mumbai's Kokilaben Hospital. He received the Dadasaheb Phalke Award (2015) and the Padma Shri (1992).
- **Film "Upkaar" Based on Lal Bahadur Shastri's Slogan:** Manoj Kumar's 1967 film *Upkaar* was based on Lal Bahadur Shastri's slogan "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan."
* **Manoj Kumar's Passing:**
* Bollywood actor Manoj Kumar (Bharat Kumar) passed away at 87 in Mumbai's Kokilaben Hospital.
* Known for patriotic films, including *Upkar* (1967), *Kranti*, and *Roti Kapda Aur Makaan*.
* Recipient of the Dadasaheb Phalke Award (2015) and the Padma Shri (1992).
* **Defense and Technology:**
* Zoraver: Indigenous light tank developed in India.
* Rudram: India successfully tested its first indigenous anti-radiation missile.
* Ananta's Frontier Technology Index 2024: India ranked 36th.
* **International Relations and Organizations:**
* International Criminal Court (ICC):
* US, Russia, China, and North Korea are not members.
* Hungary announced its withdrawal from the ICC, the first European nation to do so.
* ICC issued an arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
* 2025 UNESCO meeting will be held in Sofia, Bulgaria.
* Indo-Nepal Joint Military Expedition: Joint military expedition to Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga flagged off.
* **India Specific:**
* Uttar Pradesh Incident: A commission headed by Justice Brijesh Shrivastava will investigate the Hathras stampede.
* Project Pari: Ministry of Culture launched Project Pari to showcase Indian culture to foreign visitors during a UNESCO meeting.
* Pardeep Port Authority: Achieved top rank in cargo handling in fiscal year 2025, with a total turnover of ₹6839 crore.
* Vibrant Villages Programme: Received approval for its second phase.
* **Hungary:**
* Capital: Budapest.
* Contains the Puszta grasslands.
* Danube River (Green River) flows through Hungary.
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* **Hungary's Withdrawal from ICC:** Hungary became the first European nation to withdraw from the International Criminal Court.
* **Manoj Kumar's Passing:** Actor Manoj Kumar, recipient of the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, passed away.
* **India's Ranking in Ankita's Frontier Technology Index:** India secured 36th place in Ankita's Frontier Technology Index 2024.
* **National-Level "Our Tradition, Our Heritage" Program:** The Panchayati Raj Ministry launched a national-level "Our Tradition, Our Heritage" program in Delhi.
* **Successful MRSM Missile Test:** The DRDO and Israeli aerospace industries successfully tested the jointly developed MRSM missile.
* **Assam's "Rangolee Bahu" Agricultural Festival:** The "Rangolee Bahu" festival celebrating agricultural prosperity was launched in Assam.
* **National Youth Award for Akarsh Sauruf:** Akarsh Sauruf, founder of Yuva Spark, received the National Youth Award for transforming primary education in India.
* **Ladakh Cricket League:** The Indian Army initiated the Ladakh Cricket League 2025.
* **Paradip Port Authority's Top Ranking in Cargo Handling:** The Paradip Port Authority achieved the top position in cargo handling in fiscal year 25.
* **Approval for Vibrant Villages Programme 2.0:** The Vibrant Villages Programme 2.0 received approval with a total outlay of ₹6839 crore.
* **Joint Indo-Nepal Military Expedition:** The Union Defence Minister flagged off a joint India-Nepal military expedition to Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga.
* **Fiscal Deficit and Tax Changes:**
- **Fiscal Deficit:** Projected at 4.8% in 2024-25 and 4.4% in 2025-26.
- **Tax Changes:**
- Tax removed on 36 life-saving drugs, including those for rare diseases and cancer.
- New income tax regime introduced (replacing the 1961 bill).
- Revised tax slabs:
| Income Slab (₹ Lakhs) | Tax Rate (%) |
|---|---|
| 0-4 | 0 |
| 4-8 | 5 |
| 8-12 | 10 |
| 12-16 | 15 |
| 16-20 | 20 |
| 20-24 | 25 |
| Above 24 | 30 |
- Income up to ₹12 lakhs is tax-free.
- **Government Revenue Sources:**
- Borrowing: 24%
- Corporate Tax: 17%
- Income Tax: 22%
- GST: 18%
- **Government Expenditure:**
- Highest allocation: Share of states in taxes and duties (22%)
- Second highest: Interest payments (20%)
- Defense: Highest spending area.
- Other priorities: Rural development, Home Ministry, Agriculture.
* **Insurance Sector FDI:** The FDI limit in the insurance sector has been increased from 74% to 100%.
* **Ocean Development:** A maritime development fund will be established, with the government contributing 49% of the funding.
* **Aviation:**
* The "Udan" scheme aims to add 120 new destinations over the next 10 years.
* A greenfield airport will be built in Bihar.
* The West Kosi Canal project in Mithilanchal, Bihar will be developed.
* **Manuscript Preservation:** The "Gyan Bharatam" mission will be launched to preserve over 1 crore hand-written manuscripts.
* **Export Promotion:** A "One India Trade Net" platform has been launched to improve export supply chains.
* **Education and Healthcare Initiatives:**
- **Atal Tinkering Labs:** 500 Atal Tinkering Labs to be established in government schools over the next 5 years.
- **Indian Language Book Scheme:** Digital books in Indian languages to be provided for school and higher education.
- **National Skill Excellence Centers:** Five national skill excellence centers to be established.
- **AI in Education:** ₹500 crore allocated to establish excellence centers to promote AI in education.
- **Cancer Care:** Establishment of daycare cancer hospitals in every district hospital within three years.
- **Jal Jeevan Mission:** Extended until 2028.
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# MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises)
* **Definition Change:** Based on investment and turnover.
* **Investment:**
* Micro: ₹2.5 crore
* Small: ₹25 crore
* Medium: ₹125 crore
* **Turnover:**
* Micro: ₹10 crore
* Small: ₹100 crore
* Medium: ₹500 crore
# Financial Initiatives
* **Credit Card for Micro Industries:** ₹5 lakh credit card launched, accessible via Udyam portal.
* **Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Limit Increase:** Increased from ₹3 lakh to ₹5 lakh.
# Manufacturing & Skill Development
* **National Manufacturing Mission:** Boost manufacturing, "Make in India," support MSMEs (footwear, toys, food processing).
* **National Skill Excellence Centers:** Five centers established for skill development.
* **Atal Tinkering Labs:** Cultivate interest in STEM in schools; 500 labs planned in government schools.
* **AI in Education:** Excellence center established; ₹500 crore allocated.
# Healthcare
* **Cancer Care:** Reduced cost of medications, day-care cancer hospitals in district hospitals within three years.
# Infrastructure
* **Jal Jeevan Mission:** Extended until 2028.
* **Assam Urea Plant:** New urea plant in Namrup, Assam; 12.7 lakh metric tons production capacity.
# Agriculture Initiatives
* **Pradhan Mantri Dhan Dhanaya Krishi Yojana:** Launched in 100 districts; aims to increase agricultural productivity; expected to benefit 1.7 crore farmers.
* **Self-Reliance Mission in Pulses:** 6-year mission focusing on Tur, Urad, and Masoor lentils.
* **Missions for Vegetables, Fruits, and Millets (Shree Anna):** Launched. 2023 declared as the year of Shree Anna (coarse grains).
* **Makhana Board:** To be established in Bihar.
* **National High-Yield Seed Mission:** Focus on high-yield seeds.
* **Cotton Production Mission:** 5-year mission to improve cotton quality and boost the textile industry.
# Budget 2025-26
* Presented by Nirmala Sitharaman for the eighth time on February 1st. Morarji Desai presented the budget 10 times.
* **Vision:** Poverty eradication, 100% school education, accessible healthcare, 100% skilled workforce, 70% women's participation, India as the "Food Basket of the World."
* **Four Engines of Growth:**
* **Fuel:** Reforms
* **Guidance:** Inclusiveness
* **Destination:** Developed India
* **Engines:** Agriculture, MSMEs, Investment, and Exports.
# Education
* **Indian Language Book Scheme:** Books translated into local languages and made available online.