Rajasthan

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1. First Aid ​

1.1. Definition ​

First Aid is the immediate treatment given to an injured person by a skilled or unskilled person using available limited resources.

1.2. Objectives ​

  • Immediate Care: Provide immediate care to the injured.
  • Prevent Further Complications: Ensure patient is sent to hospital to avoid further complications.
  • Pain Relief: Relieve pain.
  • Healthy Recovery: Facilitate a healthy recovery in the future.

2. Sports Injuries ​

2.1. Types of Injuries ​

  • Skin Injuries
  • Soft Tissue Injuries
  • Bone Injuries

2.2. Skin Injuries ​

  • Abrasion:
    • Skin scrapes or grazes.
    • Common on areas where skin is close to bone (knees, elbows).
    • Not too much blood flow.
  • Laceration:
    • Irregular injuries caused by minor cuts or tears.
    • Minimal blood flow.
    • Caused by small sharp objects.
  • Incision:
    • Clean cut from a sharp object.
    • Arteries or veins may be damaged.
    • Causes deep cuts.
  • Puncture Wound:
    • Caused by a pointed object penetrating the skin.
    • Excessive blood flow.
    • Deep wounds can damage internal organs.

2.3. Soft Tissue Injuries ​

  • Contusion (Bruise):
    • "Neel Panna".
    • Blood accumulation due to impact.
  • Strain (Khichav):
    • Muscle injury due to excessive pressure or weight.
  • Sprain (Moch):
    • Ligament injury.
    • Caused by excessive pressure or sudden change in speed (e.g., ankle twist).

2.4. Bone Injuries ​

  • Fracture: Bone break
  • Bone Dislocation: Bone displaced from its joint.

2.4.1. Types of Fractures ​

  • Simple Bone Fracture: Bone breaks without external injury.
  • Stress Fracture/Hairline Fracture: Tiny crack in the bone.
  • Compound Fracture: Bone breaks and there is an external wound.
  • Complicated Bone Fracture: Broken bone damages internal organs.
  • Multiple Bone Fracture: Bone breaks into two or more parts.
  • Greenstick Fracture: Bone bends (common in children due to softer bones).

2.4.2. Bone Dislocation ​

  • Also known as Joint Injury.
  • Bone moves out of its original position in the joint.

3. Prevention & First Aid ​

3.1. Preventing Skin Injuries ​

  • Proper warm-up.
  • Follow game rules.
  • Play on a clean, level ground.
  • Use appropriate equipment.
  • Maintain a healthy diet.
  • Stay hydrated.
  • Be vigilant during activities/exercises.

3.2. First Aid for Skin Injuries ​

  1. Stop Bleeding: Apply bandage and elevate the bleeding part above the heart level.
  2. Clean Wound: Use water or salt solution.
  3. Reduce Swelling & Pain: Apply ice.
  4. Prevent Infection: Tetanus vaccine, pincture iodine, or betadine (medicine).
  5. Dress Wound: Follow proper dressing procedure.
  6. Consult a Doctor.

3.3. First Aid for Soft Tissue Injuries ​

  • PRICE Method:
    • Prevention
    • Rest
    • Ice
    • Compression
    • Elevation
  • RICE Method:
    • Rest
    • Ice
    • Compression
    • Elevation
  • MICE Method (Newer Technique):
    • Mobilize (Gentle movement instead of strict rest)
    • Ice
    • Compression
    • Elevation

3.4. First Aid for Bone Injuries ​

  1. Clean the Wound: Water or salt solution.
  2. Stabilize the Bone: Wrap tightly to stabilize.
  3. Reduce Swelling & Pain: Apply ice.
  4. Apply Bandage & Medicine.
  5. Consult a Doctor.

4. SALTAPS Technique ​

A technique to assess an injured player and determine if they can continue playing.

  • Stop the game.
  • Ask the player (about the injury).
  • Look for the injury.
  • Touch the injury.
  • Active movement.
  • Passive movement.
  • Stand up and start the game.

5. Drowning in Water (Less Important) ​

  • Pull to shore by holding hairs or clothes.
  • Remove accumulated water from lungs.
  • Give attention to breathing.
  • Artificial respiration if unconscious.
  • Hot tea/water if conscious.

6. Methods of Artificial Respiration ​

  • Shaffer Method: Patient lies on their belly; press on back.
  • Silvester Method: Patient lies on their back; pillow under back; stretch shoulders & elbows.
  • Holger Nielsen Method: Patient lies on their belly; pull upper body.
  • Mouth-to-Mouth: Provide air directly into the patient's mouth.

7. Nosebleed (Epistaxis) ​

  • Apply a wet cloth on the nose and face.
  • Use alum soaked in water to promote clotting.
  • Avoid hot drinks.

8. Rehabilitation ​

8.1. Definition ​

Sports injury rehabilitation is a safe therapeutic approach to effectively treat pain and achieve optimal performance with targeted exercises to help athletes return to their pre-injury condition.

8.2. Objectives ​

  • Return to pre-injury condition.
  • Achieve optimal performance.
  • Treat pain.
  • Reduce impact of the injury.
  • Prevent recurrence.

8.3. Principles of Rehabilitation: A-ATCIISIT ​

  • Avoid aggravation.
  • Timing
  • Compliance to doctor's advice.
  • Individualization.
  • Specific Sequencing
  • Intensity
  • Total patient (recovery).

8.4. Steps/Stages of Rehabilitation ​

  1. Address Inflammation: Reduce swelling and pain (ice, elevation).
  2. Mobility Exercises: Easy movements to restore range of motion.
  3. Recover Strength: Use isometric and isotonic exercises (with and without weights).
  4. Reconnect Coordination: Player will start coordinating.