Rajasthan

Appearance

Constitutional Schedules ​

  • First Schedule: Lists 28 states and 8 Union Territories in India.
  • Second Schedule: Pertains to salaries, allowances, and pensions of high-ranking officials.
  • Third Schedule: Contains forms of oaths and affirmations.
  • Fourth Schedule: Details the allocation of seats for states and Union Territories in the Rajya Sabha.
  • Fifth Schedule: Governs the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
  • Sixth Schedule: Provides for the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, and Mizoram.
  • Seventh Schedule: Divides powers between the Union and States through Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
  • Eighth Schedule: Lists 22 official languages of India.
    • Originally 14 languages.
    • 21st Amendment: Added Sindhi.
    • 71st Amendment: Added Nepali, Manipuri, and Konkani.
    • 92nd Amendment: Added Bodo, Dogri, Santhali, and Maithili.
  • Ninth Schedule: Added by the 1st Amendment (1951), deals with land reforms.
  • Tenth Schedule: Added by the 52nd Amendment, pertains to anti-defection law.
  • Eleventh Schedule: Added by the 73rd Amendment (April 24, 1993), relates to Panchayati Raj and contains 29 subjects.
  • Twelfth Schedule: Added by the 74th Amendment, relates to Urban Local Bodies (Nagar Nikay).

Constitutional Articles ​

  • Article 1: Name and territory of the Union.
  • Articles 5-11: Citizenship.
  • Article 14: Equality before law.
  • Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability.
  • Article 18: Abolition of Titles.
  • Article 19(1)(a): Freedom of speech and expression.
  • Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty.
  • Article 21A: Right to Education (added by 86th Amendment).
  • Article 24: Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
  • Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.
  • Article 32: Constitutional remedies; empowers individuals to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights.
  • Article 37: States that Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are non-justiciable.
  • Article 38: Mandates the State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
  • Article 39A: Provides for free legal aid (added by 42nd Amendment).
  • Article 40: Organization of village panchayats.
  • Article 44: Uniform Civil Code.
  • Article 47: Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
  • Article 50: Separation of judiciary from executive.
  • Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security.
  • Article 51A: Fundamental Duties (added by 42nd Amendment, 1976, based on Sardar Swaran Singh Committee recommendations).
  • Article 52: The President of India.
  • Article 53: Executive power of the Union.
  • Article 54: Election of President.
  • Article 55: Manner of election of President (single transferable vote).
  • Article 56: Term of office of President (5 years).
  • Article 60: Oath or affirmation by the President (administered by Chief Justice of India).
  • Article 61: Procedure for impeachment of the President.
  • Article 63: The Vice-President of India.
  • Article 64: Vice-President to be ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha).
  • Article 71: Matters relating to or connected with the election of a President or Vice-President (disputes resolved by Supreme Court).
  • Article 72: Power of President to grant pardons, etc. (including death sentence).
  • Article 76: Attorney-General for India (current: R. Venkataramani).
  • Article 108: Joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament (convened 3 times till date).
  • Article 110: Definition of Money Bills.
  • Article 112: Annual Financial Statement (Budget).
  • Article 123: Power of President to promulgate Ordinances.
  • Article 213: Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances.
  • Article 124: Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court.
  • Article 129: Supreme Court to be a court of record.
  • Article 143: Power of President to consult Supreme Court.
  • Article 148: Comptroller and Auditor-General of India (current: Girish Chandra Murmu).
  • Article 153: Governors of States.
  • Article 161: Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc. (excluding death sentence and martial law).
  • Article 165: Advocate-General for the State.
  • Article 214: High Courts for States.
  • Article 215: High Courts to be courts of record.
  • Article 226: Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
  • Articles 243-243O: Provisions relating to Panchayats (73rd Amendment).
  • Article 239AA: Special provisions with respect to Delhi (69th Amendment).
  • Article 246A: Special provision with respect to Goods and Services Tax (GST) (101st Amendment); GST is a tax on the Concurrent List.
  • Article 263: Provisions with respect to an Inter-State Council (headed by the Prime Minister).
  • Article 266: Consolidated Fund of India.
  • Article 267: Contingency Fund of India (at disposal of President, used for natural disasters).
  • Article 280: Finance Commission (15th Finance Commission headed by N. K. Singh).
  • Article 300A: Right to Property (made a legal right by 44th Amendment).
  • Article 315: Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States (UPSC).
  • Article 324: Superintendence, direction, and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
  • Article 338: National Commission for Scheduled Castes.
  • Article 338A: National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (added by 89th Amendment).
  • Article 343: Official language of the Union (Hindi).
  • Article 352: Proclamation of National Emergency.
  • Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States (President's Rule).
  • Article 360: Provisions as to Financial Emergency.
  • Article 368: Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution (Part XX).
  • Article 370: Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir (partially abrogated).

July 2025 Current Affairs ​

  • Awards & Honors:
    • Jain Saint Vidyanand honored as "Dharmachakravarti."
    • Prime Minister Modi received "Officer of the Order of the Stars" from Ghana.
    • Prime Minister Modi received "Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago."
    • Prime Minister Modi received "Grand Collar of the Southern Cross" from Brazil.
    • Sukanya Sonwal appointed Commonwealth Youth Peace Ambassador.
    • Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan awarded the Kalinga Ratna Award.
    • Nelson Mandela Prize 2025 awarded to Bender Reynolds and Kennedy Oda.
    • My Panchayat App received the WSIS 2025 Champion Award for Cultural Diversity.
    • Leila Aboulela received the Pan Pinter Award.
  • National Events & Initiatives:
    • Foundation stone laid for India's first Green Data Center in Ghaziabad.
    • Narcotics Control Bureau launched Operation Madam against illicit drugs.
    • First Khelo India Water Sports event held at Dal Lake.
    • Lucknow, Pune, and Indore Municipal Corporations recognized for best performance at UAE-LB's first national conference in Haryana.
    • INS Stir commissioned by the Indian Navy in Russia.
    • Astha Poonia became the Indian Navy's first female fighter pilot.
    • Sonali Mishra appointed first female Director General of the Railway Protection Force (RPF).
    • Harikrishnan became India's 87th Chess Grandmaster.
    • Varsha Deshpande from Maharashtra received the UN Population Award 2025.
    • The Culture Ministry hosted the first Global Manuscript Heritage Conference in Delhi.
    • Barnegat was identified as India's most polluted city in the first six months of 2025 by a CREA study.
    • Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla, the first Indian to visit the ISS via the Axiom-4 mission, returned to Earth; he was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
    • The Indian Army conducted the "Prachand Shakti" military exercise in Meerut.
    • Union Minister Nitin Gadkari inaugurated India's second-longest cable-stayed suspension bridge in Karnataka.
    • The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence seized Chinese firecrackers worth ₹35 crore under Operation Fire Trail.
    • Indore topped the Super Swachh League for cities with over 10 lakh population in Swachh Survekshan 2024-25.
    • Maharashtra became the first state to grant agriculture status to animal husbandry and poultry farming.
    • Gujarat launched India's first Tribal Genome Sequencing Project, aimed at addressing sickle cell anemia.
    • The Durgapur-Kolkata section (132 km) of the PM Urja Ganga Pipeline was inaugurated.
    • The India-EFTA (European Free Trade Association) trade agreement is set to be effective from October 1st.
    • The first Hornbill Conservation Center was established in Tamil Nadu.
    • Rare Earth Metals were discovered by the Geological Survey of India in Baltotra, Rajasthan.
    • India's first fully indigenous 50 kW Geothermal Plant was established in Arunachal Pradesh.
    • Delhi announced a ₹7 crore cash prize for Olympic/Paralympic Gold medalists.
    • Jharkhand launched India's first mining tourism project.
    • The Indian Air Force decided to retire its MiG-21 fighter jets by September 2025.
    • India achieved its 20% ethanol blending target in petrol five years ahead of schedule.
    • The Indian government and Ignito inaugurated a Center of Excellence for PESHA in Bhopal.
    • The 14th edition of the "Bold Kurukshetra" joint military exercise between India and Singapore took place in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
    • India's first Hindi-medium MBBS college was established in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.
    • Operation Shiv Shakti was launched in Jammu & Kashmir to eliminate terrorists.
    • The Maratha Military Landscape was recognized as India's 44th UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    • Madhav Tiger Reserve was mentioned as India's 58th Tiger Reserve.
    • The National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC) was established under the 2025 Act and operates under the Home Ministry, chaired by the Cabinet Secretary.
  • International Events:
    • Pakistan assumed the presidency of the United Nations Security Council for July 2025.
    • PM Modi's five-nation tour included Ghana (first stop), Trinidad and Tobago, Brazil, Argentina, and Namibia, where he received their highest awards.
    • India will host the 18th BRICS Summit in 2026.
    • Colombia and Uzbekistan became authorized members of the New Development Bank.
    • The BIMSTEC countries' Cancer Care Training Program was held in Mumbai.
    • Bulgaria became the 21st member of the Eurozone.
    • The US legalized stablecoin cryptocurrency with the passage of the Genius Act.
    • Jagdeep Dhankhar resigned as Vice-President due to health reasons (as stated in lecture).
    • The Indian team won its first medal at the FISU World University Games held in Germany.
    • England lowered its voting age from 18 to 16.
    • The ICC issued arrest warrants against Taliban leaders in Afghanistan for gender-based and political persecution.
    • New Caledonia agreed to form a new state within France.
    • Genfer Simmons was elected the first female president of Suriname.
    • Yulia Surd was appointed Prime Minister of Ukraine.
    • The US designated The Resistance Front (TRF) as a foreign terrorist organization.
    • US President Donald Trump (as stated in lecture) imposed a 25% tariff on India for purchasing weapons and crude oil from Russia.
    • NASA launched the "Tracer Mission" to study Earth's magnetic protection.
    • COP15 of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was held in Zimbabwe.
    • France became the first G7 country to announce official recognition of Palestine as a state at the UN General Assembly in September.
    • Ajay Seth was appointed Chairman of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
    • Maldives Independence Day celebrations: PM Modi was the chief guest for the 60th anniversary; an agreement worth ₹4,850 crore was signed, including a Line of Credit (LOC).
    • Anahat Singh won a bronze medal for India in the World Junior Squash Championship after 15 years.
    • Uma Kaulal became the first female Vice-Chancellor of Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU).
    • FIDE Women's World Cup: Divya Deshmukh defeated Koneru Humpy to win the title; she is the 88th Grandmaster and the fourth Indian woman to win the title. The final was held in Georgia.
    • FISU World University Games (32nd edition, Germany): India won 12 medals; Japan topped the medal tally.
    • Joe Root became the second-highest run-scorer in Test Cricket, after Sachin Tendulkar.
    • A magnitude 8.8 earthquake struck the Kamtchatka coast in Russia, located in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
    • Australia banned YouTube for children under 16 to protect them from harmful online content.
    • Maharashtra observed Sustainable Agriculture Day on August 7th in honor of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan.
  • Military/Defense:
    • DRDO successfully conducted two tests of the Prithvi missile from Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha; it is an indigenous solid-propellant surface-to-surface ballistic missile developed with Bharat Dynamics Limited and Bharat Electronics Limited.
  • Environmental:
    • World Tiger Conservation Day was observed on July 29th, commemorating the 2010 St. Petersburg Summit; Madhya Pradesh has the largest tiger population in India.