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Agriculture

Introduction
Agro-Climatic Zones
Types of Agriculture (Indian/World Geo)
Classification of Agriculture
Favorable Geographical Conditions for Agricultural Crops
Efforts for Agricultural Development

Introduction

Agriculture is part of the primary sector.
Agriculture in India/Rajasthan is mainly based on the monsoon. Therefore, agriculture is called a 'gamble of monsoon'.
The eastern plain is called the 'heartland of agriculture' because agricultural productivity is higher here.

Agro-Climatic Zones

India - 15
Rajasthan - 10
Basis of Agro-climatic Zones
- Crop rotation
- Soil
- Water availability
- Rainfall Page 193

1. IA - Western Arid Plain

*   **Extent:** Jodhpur, Jodhpur Rural, Phalodi, Barmer and Balotra
*   **Rainfall:** 20-35 cm
*   **Crop Pattern:**
    *   Rabi: Wheat, gram, mustard, isabgol, and cumin
    *   Kharif: Bajra, guar

2. IB - North-Western Irrigated Plain

 * **Extent:** Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh and Anupgarh
*   **Rainfall:** 10-30 cm
*   **Crop Pattern:**
    *   Rabi: Wheat, mustard, gram,
    *   Kharif: Cotton, sugarcane, rice

3. IC - Partially Arid and Partially Irrigated Plain

*  **Extent:** Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Churu (partially, excluding Ratangarh, Sardasahar, Bidasar, and Sujangarh tehsils)
 *   **Rainfall:** 10-30 cm
*  **Crop Pattern:**
     *   Rabi: Wheat, gram, mustard
     *   Kharif: Bajra, jowar, groundnut

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II.A (Shekhawati Sub-Flow Plain)

*  **Extent:** Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Nagaur, Partial Churu (excluding Ratangarh, Sardarshahar, Bidasar, Churu tehsil), Nagaur, Sikar, Deeg, and Kumher
 *   **Rainfall:** 30-50 cm
*  **Crop Pattern:**
       * Rabi: Wheat, mustard, gram,
       * Kharif: Bajra, guar, pulses

II.B (Luni Inland Plain)

*  **Extent:** Pali, Jalore, Sirohi (excluding Pindwada, Abu Road tehsil), Pali, Jalore, Sirohi, Beawar (partially, excluding Jaitaran and Raipur tehsils)
  *  **Rainfall:** 30-50 cm
*   **Crop Pattern:**
    *   Rabi: Wheat, mustard, gram, isabgol, cumin, castor
    *   Kharif: Bajra, jowar, sesame, castor

III. A (Semi-Arid Eastern Plain)

  *  **Extent:** Ajmer, Beawar (excluding Jaitaran and Raipur tehsils), Jaipur, Jaipur Rural, Dausa, Tonk, Dhun-Karauli
  *  **Rainfall:** 50-70 cm
*   **Crop Pattern:**
      * Rabi: Wheat-oilseeds, Kalyani-Barho
       * Kharif: Bajra, jowar, guar

III. B - Flood-Prone Eastern Plain

*   **Extent:** Alwar, Deeg, Bharatpur, Karauli, Dholpur, Sawai Madhopur, Gangapur City
 *   **Rainfall:** 50-70 cm
*  **Crop Pattern:**
       * Rabi: Wheat, mustard
       * Kharif: Bajra, guar

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IV. A - Sub-Humid Southern Plains

*   **Extent:** Udaipur, Chittorgarh (excluding Bari Sadri tehsil), Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Shahpura, Sirohi (partially excluding Pindwara and Abu Road tehsil)
 *   **Rainfall:** 50-90 cm
 *   **Crop Pattern:**
       * Rabi: Wheat, gram, opium
       * Kharif: Sugarcane, jowar, maize

IV.B - Humid Southern Plains

 *  **Extent:** Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh, Rajsamand and Badi Sadri tehsil of Chittorgarh
  *   **Rainfall:** 50-110 cm
 *   **Crop Pattern:**
    *   Rabi: Wheat, opium, gram
    *   Kharif: Maize, rice, sugarcane

V - Humid South-Eastern Plains

*   **Extent:** Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar
*  **Rainfall:** 65-110 cm
*   **Crop Pattern:**
       * Rabi: Wheat, gram, mustard, spice crops
       * Kharif: Maize, sugarcane, rice, soybean

Note: Agro-climatic Zone
- Largest:
  - 1st - IC
  - 2nd - IA
- Smallest:
  - 1st - IV B
  - 2nd - I B

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Types of Agriculture (Indian/World Geo.)

Classification of Agriculture

Based on Season/Climate

Kharif
- Rabi
Zaid Based on Utility: * Food Crops * Pulses Crops * Oilseeds Crops * Spice Crops * Commercial Crops * Beverage Crops

Based on Season/Climate:

1. Kharif or Syalu Crops

*   **Grains:** Bajra, jowar, rice, maize, ragi
*   **Pulses:** Moong, moth, chawla, arhar (tur), urad
*   **Oilseeds:** Sesame, soybean, groundnut, castor, sunflower, sunflower
*   **Cash/Commercial Crops:** Cotton, sugarcane, guar, (but golden fiber)

2. Rabi Crops/Unalu Crops

  *   **Grains:** Wheat, barley
  *   **Pulses:** Lentil, gram, peas
    *  **Vegetable pattern:** Mustard, cumin/mustard/fennel, garlic, onion, ginger, chilli
   *  **Cash Crops:** Taramira, isabgol, opium, tobacco, linseed

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3. Zaid Crops:

    *  Muskmelon, watermelon, vegetables, cucumber, animal fodder

Based on Usage:

1. Cereals/Food Crops:

Those crops that are useful for eating or as food are called food crops/cereal crops.
- Examples:
  - Kharif: Bajra, jowar, maize, rice
- Rabi: Wheat, barley
- Note: Major Food Crops
  - India/World- Rice
  - Rajasthan - Bajra

2. Pulses/Fertilizer Crops:

*   Those crops that increase the fertility of agricultural land are called pulses/soil fertilizer crops.
 *  **Examples:**
     * Kharif - Moong, moth, chawla, urad
       *   Rabi - Gram, lentil, peas
 *   **Note:** The major pulse crop of Rajasthan is gram.

3. Oilseed Crops:

*   Those crops from which oil is obtained are called oilseed crops.
    *   **Examples:**
         *   Kharif - Sesame, groundnut, soybean, sunflower, castor
         *   Rabi - Mustard, mustard, linseed, taramira
 *  **Note:** The major oilseed crop of Rajasthan is mustard.

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Oilseed Plants

Hohoba - Jojoba. Golden/Jatropha and Karanj Olive / Olive -Biodiesel

Major Food and Medicinal

Rabi Crops:

Cotton (White Gold) - "Major Fiber Crop"
Wheat / Palhan (Rollet Finder / Golden Fiber)
Bamboo (Green gold of tribals / timber)
Linseed (Tisi)

Cash/Commercial Crops

*   Those crops that are more useful in the industrial sector are called cash/commercial crops.

Examples: Cotton, Guar, Sugarcane, Oilseeds
The major commercial crop of the country and the state is cotton.

Beverage Crops:

*   Those crops that are useful as a beverage/drink are called beverage crops.
    *   Such as tea, coffee (Kahwa), tobacco, sugarcane.

Favorable Geographical Conditions of Major Crops

Crop	Rainfall	Temperature	Soil
Bajra	25-50	25°C -35°C	Sandy, Alluvial
Barley	50-100	15°C -20°C	Alluvial
Wheat	50-100	15°C-20°C	Alluvial
Mustard	50-100	15°C-20°C	Alluvial
Cotton	50-100	21°C-28°C	Black
Maize	50-100	21°C-28°C	Red Loamy
Sugarcane	125-150	21°C-28°C	Alluvial
Rice	150-200	21°C-28°C	Alluvial

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- NOTE: Rabi= 15°C-20°C
  - Kharif = 21°C-28°C

Geographical Conditions and Distribution of Bajra

Bajra is an example of a Kharif crop. The major geographical conditions of which are -
1. Rainfall: - Need of 25-50 cm rainfall.
2. Temperature: - The favorable temperature for bajra is 25°C-35°C.
3. Soil: - Bajra is mainly produced in alluvial and sandy soil.
Distribution: * Bajra is mainly produced in the North-West desert region and the eastern plain in Rajasthan, in which the major districts are- *1st- Alwar *2nd- Barmer *3rd- Jaipur

Major High Quality Varieties of Bajra

    * Raj-171
    * RCB-2
    * RCB-911
    * RHB-30

*Bajra

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High Quality Varieties of Major Crops (2020-21)

1. Wheat: 1st - Hanumangarh, 2nd - Sri Ganganagar
2. Cotton: 1st - Hanumangarh, 2nd - Sri Ganganagar
3. Sugarcane: 1st - Sri Ganganagar, 2nd - Chittorgarh, 3rd - Bundi
4. Barley: 1st - Sri Ganganagar, 2nd - Jaipur
5. Maize: 1st - Bhilwara, 2nd - Chittorgarh, 3rd - Udaipur
6. Bajra: 1st - Alwar, 2nd - Barmer, 3rd - Jaipur
7. Rice: * Chambal Basin -> Kota, Bundi * Ghaggar Basin -> Hanumangarh, Sri Ganganagar * Mahi Basin -> Banswara, Dungarpur
Mustard: North-East Rajasthan, Sri Ganganagar, Alwar, Bharatpur, Tonk
Kota Bundi: Basmati
Banswara: Mahi Sugandha

High Quality Varieties of Major Crops

Bajra-> Raj-171 , RCB-2, RCB-911, RHB-30, MH-1 (Male Maru Wheat - No)
Wheat-> Lehri, Kalyan Sona (1482), Sonalika, Kohinoor, Durgapur- 65 Page 201
Rajasthan ka Bhugol
- Cotton : Narma, Balugiri Narma, RST-9, US-81, US-51, Malvi, Mahi Sugandha
- Rice: Parmal, Padma, Jamuna
- Sugarcane: CO - 419, CO - 449, CO - 1007, CO - 1111
- Mustard: Pusa Bold, Rajvijay Mustard - 2, Pusa Mustard - 25, Pusa Mustard - 21
Maize: Mahi Dhaval, Mahi Kanchan, HM-4, HM-8, HM-9, Arun
Barley: Karan, Kailash, Jyoti

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Agricultural Development

1. Agricultural Research Center:
(a.) Central Government (ICAR) (b) State Government
- (a.) Central Government:
  - ICAR [Indian Council of Agricultural Research]
    - Dry Horticulture, Bichhwal (Bikaner) (1993)
    - CAZRI 1959 (Jodhpur)
    - Rapeseed and Mustard Research Center (Sever, Bharatpur)-1993
    - Seed Research Center, Tabiji (Dumada), Ajmer - 2000
- (b) State Government:
  - RARI = [Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute]
    - Durgapura, Jaipur -> 1943
    - Ber Research Center
    - Date Palm Research Center - Bichhwal (Bikaner)
    - Bajra Research Center - Jodhpur and Barmer
    - Isabgol Research Center - Jodhpur

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Rajasthan ka Bhugol * Maize Research Center - Banswara * Rice Research Center - Banswara * Jowar Research Center - Vallabhnagar (Udaipur)

2. Center of Excellence in Agriculture:

Center of Excellence	District
1. Date Palm	Sagra Bhoj ka (Jaisalmer)
2. Bajra	Jodhpur
3. Fig	Sirohi (Proposed)
4. Citrus Plants/Spice and Medicinal Plants	Jhalawar
5. Citrus Plants	Kota
6. Orange	Bundi
7. Custard Apple	Chittor
8. Guava	1st Deodawas-Tonk 2nd-Sawai Madhopur
9. Apiculture	Tonk (Proposed)
10. Flower	Sawai Madhopur
11. Pomegranate
12. Oven Fruit
13. Amla/Olive	Bassi (Jaipur Rural)
14. Amla, Mango, Olive	Khemri (Dholpur)

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3. Agricultural Universities:

1st Keshavanand Rajasthan Agricultural University = Bichhwal (1987)

Shri Karan Narendra Agricultural University (Jobner, Jaipur)-2013
Agricultural University, Borkheda, (Kota)-2013
Jodhpur Agricultural University (Mandore), 2013
2nd - Maharana Pratap Agricultural and Technology University (Udaipur) (1999)

4. Agricultural Policies

State Agricultural Policy	Organic Farming Policy	Agriculture Processing Policy	Agriculture Export Promotion Policy - 2019

26 June 2013 | June 2017 | | |

5. K-3 (Farmer Welfare Fund) - Establishment: Dec. 2019

Objective: To make available proper prices of their agricultural crops/produce to the farmers. * Total Fund: ₹75000 crore.

6. GRAM held in Rajasthan (Global Rajasthan Agritech Meet)

1st - GRAM -> Jaipur NOV-2016
- 2nd -GRAM -> Kota MAY-2017
- 3rd-GRAM -> Udaipur NOV-2017

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Agriculture ​

Introduction ​

Agro-Climatic Zones ​

1. IA - Western Arid Plain ​

2. IB - North-Western Irrigated Plain ​

3. IC - Partially Arid and Partially Irrigated Plain ​

II.A (Shekhawati Sub-Flow Plain) ​

II.B (Luni Inland Plain) ​

III. A (Semi-Arid Eastern Plain) ​

III. B - Flood-Prone Eastern Plain ​

IV. A - Sub-Humid Southern Plains ​

IV.B - Humid Southern Plains ​

V - Humid South-Eastern Plains ​

Types of Agriculture (Indian/World Geo.) ​

Classification of Agriculture ​

Based on Season/Climate: ​

1. Kharif or Syalu Crops ​

2. Rabi Crops/Unalu Crops ​

3. Zaid Crops: ​

Based on Usage: ​

1. Cereals/Food Crops: ​

2. Pulses/Fertilizer Crops: ​

3. Oilseed Crops: ​

Oilseed Plants ​

Major Food and Medicinal ​

Cash/Commercial Crops ​

Beverage Crops: ​

Favorable Geographical Conditions of Major Crops ​

Geographical Conditions and Distribution of Bajra ​

Major High Quality Varieties of Bajra ​

High Quality Varieties of Major Crops (2020-21) ​

High Quality Varieties of Major Crops ​

Agricultural Development ​

2. Center of Excellence in Agriculture: ​

3. Agricultural Universities: ​

4. Agricultural Policies ​

5. K-3 (Farmer Welfare Fund) - Establishment: Dec. 2019 ​

6. GRAM held in Rajasthan (Global Rajasthan Agritech Meet) ​