Rajasthan

Appearance

Five Year Plans of India

  • First Five Year Plan (1951-1956):
    • Model: Harold-Domar model, drafted by K.N. Raj.
    • Focus: Agriculture.
    • Growth: Target 2.1%, achieved 3.6%.
  • Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961):
    • Model: P.C. Mahalanobis model.
    • Focus: Heavy industries.
    • Key Establishments: Iron and steel plants at Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), Rourkela (Odisha), Durgapur (West Bengal).
    • Growth: Target 4.5%, achieved 4.27%.
  • Third Five Year Plan (1961-1966):
    • Model: Sukhamoy Chakravarty model.
    • Focus: Agriculture and industry (balanced approach).
    • Challenges: India-China War (1962) and India-Pakistan War (1965) led to plan failure.
    • Slogan: "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan" (by Lal Bahadur Shastri).
    • Key Establishment: Food Corporation of India (FCI) in 1965.
  • Plan Holiday (1966-1969): Three annual plans due to economic crises.
    • Key Event: Green Revolution started for food grain self-sufficiency.
  • Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974):
    • Model: Ashok Rudra model, drafted by D.R. Gadgil.
    • Objective: Economic growth with stability and self-reliance.
    • Key Events:
      • India-Pakistan War (1971).
      • First nuclear test (Operation Smiling Buddha) in Pokhran, Gujarat (1974).
      • Nationalization of 14 banks (1969).
    • Growth: Target 5.5-5.7%, achieved 3.3%.
  • Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-1978):
    • Model: D.P. Dhar model.
    • Objective: Poverty eradication ("Garibi Hatao").
    • Notable Feature: Terminated one year early (after 4 years).
    • Growth: Target 4.4%, achieved 4.8%.
  • Rolling Plan (1978-1980):
    • Introduced by: Janata Party government (Morarji Desai).
    • Concept by: Gunnar Myrdal (in his book "Asian Drama").
    • Implemented in India by: D.T. Lakdawala.
  • Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-1985):
    • Model: Input-Output model.
    • Objectives: Employment generation and poverty eradication.
    • Key Establishments/Events:
      • NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development) established in 1982.
      • Nationalization of 6 more banks in 1980.
      • Indira Gandhi's death (1984).
      • Operation Blue Star and Operation Meghdoot (Siachen) in 1984.
  • Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-1990):
    • Objective: Social justice with modernization.
    • Slogan: "Roti, Rozgar, Utpadakta" (Food, Work, Productivity) or "Bhojan, Kam, Utpadakta".
    • Key Establishment: SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) established in 1988.
    • Growth: Target 5%, achieved 6%.
  • Plan Holiday (1990-1992):
    • Key Event: Foreign exchange crisis led to the adoption of the New Economic Policy (LPG: Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) in 1991 under PM P.V. Narasimha Rao and FM Dr. Manmohan Singh.
  • Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997):
    • Model: John W. Miller model.
    • Objective: Human resource development (influenced by the HDI concept).
    • Key Constitutional Amendments: 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (Panchayati Raj and Nagar Nigam) in 1992.
    • International Event: WTO (World Trade Organization) established on January 1, 1995.
  • Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002):
    • Objective: Social justice and economic growth with equality.
    • Key Scheme: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) started on December 25, 2000.
    • Key Event: Kargil War occurred.
  • Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007):
    • Model: Input-Output model.
    • Objective: Social justice and equity.
    • Growth: Achieved 7.6% (highest until this plan).
    • Key Scheme: NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) 2005, implemented nationwide on February 2, 2006.
  • Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012):
    • Objective: Rapid and Inclusive Growth.
    • Growth: Target 9% (revised to 8.1%), achieved 8% (highest ever at this point).
    • Key Act: Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009, implemented on April 1, 2010.
  • Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017):
    • Final Plan.
    • Objective: Rapid, Sustainable, and Inclusive Growth.
    • Growth: Target 8%, achieved 6.7-6.9%.
    • Specific Targets: Agriculture growth 4%, Total Fertility Rate 2.1% (replacement rate).

Current Affairs Highlights

  • Defense Technology:
    • Iron Beam (Israel): Successfully tested missile-defense laser system, developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, designed to intercept rockets, UAVs, and missiles. Israel also uses the "Iron Dome" air defense system.
    • Indian Air Defense Systems: SAMAR (Surface-to-Air Missile for Assured Retaliation), Akashrod (short-range), S-400 (from Russia, called Triam), Bhargavastra (for drone swarms).
  • Astronomy:
    • PN-7 Arjun (Asteroid): Discovered by the Pen-STARRS 1 telescope (Hawaii, USA), it's Earth's latest "quasi-satellite" (an asteroid orbiting Earth similar to a satellite). Named after the Mahabharata character.
  • Military Exercises:
    • Amogh Fury Firepower Exercise: Conducted by the Indian Army's Sapta Shakti Command in the Mahajan Field Firing Range, Thar Desert, Rajasthan, focusing on offense, defense, and communication.
    • Other Exercises: Cyclone (India + Egypt, Rajasthan), Bold Kurukshetra (India + Singapore, Jodhpur), Prachand Prahar and Shiom Prahar (Arunachal Pradesh).
  • Appointments:
    • ITBP DG: Praveen Kumar appointed Director General of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), formed in 1962, deployed on the India-China border.
    • CISF DG: Praveen Ranjan appointed Director General of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), formed in 1969, responsible for security of critical infrastructure.
  • Infrastructure & Development:
    • India's Largest Cruise Terminal: Inaugurated by PM Modi at Indira Dock, Mumbai, capable of handling 1 million passengers annually and 5 cruise ships simultaneously.
    • Dhorode Village (Gujarat): Became the 4th village in Gujarat to be fully solar-powered. It was previously recognized by UNWTO as the "Best Tourism Village." India's first fully solar-powered village is Modhera (Gujarat). Dhorode received its certification at the "Samudra Se Samriddhi" program in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, inaugurated by PM Modi.
    • Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Science City: Inaugurated in Rajendra Nagar, Patna, Bihar, by CM Nitish Kumar, featuring 4D theatre, galleries, and exhibitions to promote science.
    • 9000 HP Electric Locomotive Plant: PM Modi inaugurated India's first 9000 HP electric locomotive plant in Dahod, Gujarat.
    • Largest Aerospace Grade Titanium Unit: Inaugurated in Lucknow.
    • Tata-Airbus Helicopter Assembly Line: To be established in Karnataka.
  • Government Initiatives & Policies:
    • Books on PM Modi: Four books, "Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, Sabka Vishwas, Sabka Prayas," compiling PM Modi's speeches from 2014-2019, were launched by Vice President C.P. Radhakrishnan in New Delhi.
    • "Modinomics" Book: Launched by L. Murugan (Minister of State for Information), covering PM Modi's 25 years of public service.
    • 28th National Conference on E-Governance: Held in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Theme: "Viksit Bharat: Civil Services and Digital Transformation." Organized by MeitY.
    • E0 FIR Portal: Launched by Gujarat for cybercrime.
    • Mahavistar App: Launched by Maharashtra for farmers.
    • Ankuran Initiative: Launched by Odisha to promote flexible, smart, and inclusive city development.
    • 100% Rail Electrification: Gujarat became the 24th state/UT to achieve this.
    • Robotics Education: Kerala became the first state to make robotics education compulsory for all students from 10th grade.
  • Sports:
    • Smriti Mandhana's Fastest ODI Century: Scored the fastest ODI century by an Indian (male or female) in 50 balls against Australia at Arun Jaitley Stadium, Delhi, breaking Virat Kohli's record (52 balls). The world record for women's ODI century is by Meg Lanning (45 balls).
    • SFF Under-19 Championship 2025: India defeated Bangladesh.
    • First Khelo India Beach Games: Held in Dadar Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, with Manipur topping the medal table.
    • Indian Shooting Junior World Cup 2025: India secured the first position in the medal table.
    • Doha Diamond League 25: Neeraj Chopra won a silver medal with a throw of 90.23m.
  • International & Other:
    • International Day of Peace: Celebrated on September 21. Theme: "Act Now for Peace: For a Peaceful World."
    • World Rhino Day & World Alzheimer's Day: Both celebrated on September 22.
    • International Booker Prize 2025: Awarded to Banu Mustaq for her Kannada book "Heart Lamp."
    • World's First Human Bladder Transplant: Performed in the USA.
    • WHO Certification: WHO certified India free from Trachoma (an eye disease).
    • Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport System: Project between India and Myanmar.
    • Yala Glacier (Nepal): Asia's first glacier declared "dead."
    • ISRO's PSLV C-61 (EOS-09 Mission): Failed.
    • Pushkar Kumbh: Held in Uttarakhand after 12 years.
    • Dr. Jayant Narlikar: Renowned astronomer, passed away in Pune.
    • Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or Award: Awarded to Jafar Panahi.
    • AI 3D Video Communication Platform "Beam": Launched by Google.
    • India's First Gene-Edited Sheep: Developed by Sher-e-Kashmir University.
    • Highest FDI to India in FY25: From Singapore.
    • MSC ELS-3 Cargo Ship: Sank off the Kerala coast, belonged to Liberia.
    • Sikkim's 50th Anniversary: PM Modi released commemorative coin and stamp.
    • Nomadic Elephant Exercise: Between India and Mongolia.
    • Global Indian of the Year Award: Received by Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev.
    • Gaganyaan Year: ISRO chief announced 2025 as the Gaganyaan year.
    • Film "Ajay: The Untold Story of Yogi": Based on the life of Yogi Adityanath, CM of Uttar Pradesh.