Indian Five-Year Plans (Historical Economic Policy)
| Plan | Period | Model/Drafted by | Focus/Objective | Key Events/Initiatives | Growth Target (%) | Growth Achieved (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First | 1951-1956 | Harrod-Domar (K. N. Raj) | Agriculture | - | 2.1 | 3.6 |
| Second | 1956-1961 | P.C. Mahalanobis | Heavy Industries | Establishment of Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur steel plants | 4.5 | 4.27 |
| Third | 1961-1966 | Sukhmoy Chakravarty | Agriculture & Industry | India-China War (1962), India-Pakistan War (1965), "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan" slogan, Food Corporation of India (1965) | - | Failure |
| Plan Holiday | 1966-1969 | - | - | Green Revolution | - | - |
| Fourth | 1969-1974 | Ashok Rudra / D.R. Gadgil | Economic Growth with Stability & Self-Reliance | India-Pakistan War (1971), Nationalization of 14 banks (1969), First Nuclear Test (Operation Smiling Buddha, 1974) | 5.5-5.7 | 3.3 |
| Fifth | 1974-1978 | D.P. Dhar | Poverty Eradication ("Garibi Hatao") | Ended one year early (only plan to do so) | 4.4 | 4.8 |
| Rolling Plan | 1978-1980 | Gunnar Myrdal (world), Lakdawala (India) | - | - | - | - |
| Sixth | 1980-1985 | Input-Output Model | Employment Creation & Poverty Eradication | NABARD (1982), Nationalization of 6 more banks (1980), Operation Meghdoot (Siachen capture, 1984) | - | - |
| Seventh | 1985-1990 | - | Social Justice with Modernization | "Food, Work, and Productivity" slogan, SEBI (1988) | 5 | 6 |
| Plan Holiday | 1990-1992 | - | - | Crisis in foreign exchange reserves, New Economic Policy (LPG, 1991) | - | - |
| Eighth | 1992-1997 | John W. Miller | Human Resource Development | 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendments (1992), WTO (1995) | - | - |
| Ninth | 1997-2002 | - | Economic Growth with Social Justice & Equity | Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (2000), Kargil War | - | - |
| Tenth | 2002-2007 | Input-Output Model | Economic Growth with Social Justice & Equity | NREGA (2005, implemented 2006) | - | 7.6 (highest till then) |
| Eleventh | 2007-2012 | - | Rapid and Inclusive Development | Right to Education Act (2009, implemented 2010) | 9 (reduced to 8.1) | 8 (highest ever) |
| Twelfth | 2012-2017 | - | Rapid, Sustainable, and Inclusive Development | Last Five-Year Plan. Agricultural growth target: 4%. Total Fertility Rate target: 2.1%. | 8 | 6.7-6.9 |
Current Affairs Updates
Global Health and Disease Elimination
- Maldives: Became the world's first country to achieve triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Syphilis, as confirmed by WHO.
- India's Disease-Free Status: India has been declared free from Smallpox, Polio, and Trachoma.
Technology and Digital Initiatives
- Google AI Hub: Google (Alphabet) launched its largest AI Hub outside the USA in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, as part of a $5 billion investment in India. An AI data center will be developed in partnership with Adani company.
- NSG Training Center: Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated a special operations training center for NSG (National Security Guard) commandos in Haryana. NSG was formed in 1986 following Operation Blue Star.
- Indigenous Anti-Drone Grid: The Indian Army launched 'Susham', an indigenous anti-drone grid system, developed with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) in Ghaziabad. It identifies and neutralizes enemy drones/UAVs up to 3000 meters altitude.
- Related Defense Systems:
- Dhwani: India's first hypersonic missile (DRDO).
- Sambhav: Indian Army's internal secure chat platform.
- Rudram: Anti-radiation missile.
- Bhargavastra: System to inactivate drone attacks.
- Sudarshan Chakra: Air defense system.
- Samar: Surface-to-air missile system (Akash missile based).
- Vasharodh: Short-range anti-drone system.
- INS Satluj: A hydrographic survey ship, deployed to Port Louis, Mauritius, for survey.
- Related Defense Systems:
Economic and Policy Developments
- Green House Gas Emission Intensity (GEI) Targets: The Central Government notified the first legally binding GEI target rules for four sectors: Aluminium, Cement, Pulp and Paper, and Chlor-alkali. These sectors will receive financial assistance under the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement (COP21).
- Vishwas Yojana (EPFO): Union Labour Minister Mansukh Mandaviya launched the Vishwas Yojana to reduce litigation related to pending Provident Fund (PF) arrears. It allows settlement of cases with minimal penalties for arrears up to six months.
- E-NAM Expansion: The National Agriculture Market (E-NAM), launched in 2016, expanded its list of agricultural commodities from 238 to 247.
- Kiraye Se Fursat Yojana: Union Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu Kinjarapu launched this Alliance Air initiative to address stress caused by volatile airfares.
- RBI Executive Director: Sonali Sen Gupta has been appointed as the Executive Director of the Reserve Bank of India.
- Related Appointments: Bhavana Chaudhary is the first woman Flight Engineer of BSF's Air Wing. Sebastian Lecornu was reappointed as Prime Minister of France by President Emmanuel Macron.
- Women Labor Force Participation Rate: India's female labor force participation rate reached 41.7% in 2023-24, up from 23.3% in 2017-18.
State-Specific Initiatives
- CM FLIGHT Yojana (Assam): Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma launched this scheme to provide global career opportunities for Assamese youth. It includes ₹1 lakh financial assistance for 180 selected students for foreign travel/expenses.
- Shraddhanjali Yojana (Assam): Assam Government launched this scheme to facilitate the return of mortal remains of Assamese residents who pass away outside the state.
- Right to Disconnect Bill (Kerala): Kerala became the first Indian state to table this bill, allowing private employees to disconnect from work-related communications outside official hours without fear of retaliatory action.
International Conferences and Observances
- World Standard Day 2025: Celebrated on October 14, with the theme "Shared Vision for a Better World." In India, standards are promoted by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS Act 2016).
- Related: The Right to Information (RTI) Act 2005, related to Article 19(1)(a), completed 20 years in 2025.
- World Health Summit 2025: Held in Berlin, Germany, with the theme "Health Responsibility in a Fragmented World." Hosted by WHO.
- Other Meetings:
- WHO-IRCH (International Regulatory Cooperation for Herbal Medicines) 16th annual meeting: Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Codex meeting on Spices and Culinary Herbs (8th session): Guwahati, Assam.
- Other Meetings: