Rajasthan

Appearance

Census 2011 Data

  • History:
    • First census: 1872 (Lord Mayo).
    • First decennial census: 1881 (Lord Ripon).
    • First Census Commissioner of India: W.C. Plowden.
    • 1911-21 decade: Known as "Great Demographic Divide" due to population decline.
  • 2011 Census Overview:
    • 15th census overall, 7th since independence.
    • Census Commissioner: C. Chandramouli.
    • Motto: "Our Census, Our Future".
    • Population: 121.09 crore (second globally at the time).
    • Decadal growth (2001-2011): 17.7%.
    • Gender distribution: 48.53% female, 51.47% male.
  • Area & Population (States/UTs):
    • Largest state by area: Rajasthan. Smallest: Goa.
    • Largest UT by area: Ladakh. Smallest: Lakshadweep.
    • Highest population state: Uttar Pradesh (16.51% of India's population), followed by Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal.
    • Lowest population state: Sikkim (0.05%), followed by Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa.
  • Decadal Growth:
    • Highest: Meghalaya (27.9%).
    • Lowest (negative): Nagaland (-0.6%).
  • Population Density:
    • India's average: 382 people/km².
    • Highest state: Bihar (1106 people/km²).
    • Lowest state: Arunachal Pradesh (17 people/km²).
    • Highest UT: Delhi. Lowest: Lakshadweep.
  • Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males):
    • India's average: 943.
    • Highest state: Kerala (1084).
    • Lowest state: Haryana (879).
  • Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years):
    • Highest: Arunachal Pradesh (972).
    • Lowest: Haryana (834).
  • Literacy Rate:
    • India's average: 73% (Male: 80.09%, Female: 64.60%).
    • Highest state: Kerala (94%).
    • Lowest state: Bihar (61.80%).
  • Urban & Rural Population:
    • Highest rural population (percentage): Himachal Pradesh (90%).
    • Highest urban population (percentage): Goa (62.2%).
    • Highest urban population (number): Maharashtra (5.08 crore).
  • Scheduled Castes (SC) Population:
    • Highest (number): Uttar Pradesh (approx. 5.25 crore).
    • Highest (percentage): Punjab (31.9%).
  • Scheduled Tribes (ST) Population:
    • Highest (number): Madhya Pradesh (approx. 1.5 crore).
    • Highest (percentage): Mizoram (94%).

International Relations & Global Events

  • New York Declaration: India supported the declaration for a peaceful "two-state solution" to the Israel-Palestine conflict. The resolution was passed in the UN General Assembly with 142 votes in favor, 10 against, and 12 abstentions, proposed by France.
  • UN Security Council: Pakistan will be the President for July 2025.
  • PM Modi's 5-Nation Tour: Included Ghana (first stop), Brazil, Argentina, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago. He received the highest awards from Ghana, Trinidad and Tobago, Brazil, and Nigeria.
  • Eurozone: Bulgaria became the 21st member.
  • New Development Bank (NDB): Colombia and Uzbekistan are the latest members.
  • International Criminal Court (ICC): Issued arrest warrants against Taliban leaders in Afghanistan.
  • New Caledonia: Agreed to form a new state within France.

National Policies & Initiatives

  • First Green Data Center: Established in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.
  • Operation Madam: Launched by the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) against drug trafficking.
  • Mukhyamantri Sehat Yojana: Launched in Punjab, offering cashless healthcare services up to ₹1 lakh.
  • E-Kuber Platform: Launched by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
  • AI App "Never Alone": Launched by AIIMS Delhi (and AIIMS Bhubaneswar) to address student mental health and suicide prevention, offering 24/7 support.
  • Gyan Bharatam Portal: Launched by PM Modi for the digitization and preservation of manuscripts.
  • Cruise Bharat Mission: Gujarat is the first state to join this mission.
  • Operation Kalnemi: Launched by Uttarakhand against fake religious figures.
  • Fifth All India Official Language Conference 2025: Held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
  • National Nutrition Month: September, with the 8th edition being celebrated in Puducherry.
  • Saathi Manch and Hindi Shabd Sindhu Kosh: Launched to make Hindi more accessible.

Awards & Recognitions

  • Dharma Chakravarti: PM Modi was honored with this title during Jain Saint Vidyanand's centenary celebrations.
  • Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago: Awarded to PM Modi.
  • Grand Collar of the Southern Cross (Brazil): Awarded to PM Modi.
  • P.V. Narasimha Rao Award for Economics: Awarded to Manmohan Singh (author of "Changing India").
  • Pen Pinter Award 2025: Awarded to Leela Abu Lela (previous recipient in 2024 was Arundhati Roy).
  • Bhupen Hazarika: RBI issued a ₹100 commemorative coin in honor of his birth centenary. He received the Bharat Ratna in 2019 (posthumously) and Padma Vibhushan in 2012. The Dhola-Sadiya Bridge (Bhupen Hazarika Bridge) over the Lohit River (Assam-Arunachal Pradesh) is 9.15 km long, making it India's longest bridge over water.

Sports & Achievements

  • World Boxing Championship (Liverpool, England): India won 4 medals, including 2 Golds. Gold medalists were Jasmin Lamboria (57 kg, defeated Julia of Poland) and Minakshi Hooda (48 kg).
  • Kabaddi World Cup (England): India won both the Men's and Women's categories, defeating England in both.
  • Khelo India Water Sports: Held in Dal Lake, Jammu & Kashmir.
  • Wimbledon 2025 (Women's): Won by Iga Swiatek (Poland).
  • ICC Men's T20 World Cup: Italy qualified.

Geography & Infrastructure

  • UNESCO World Heritage Sites (India):
    • Total confirmed sites: 44 (36 cultural, 7 natural, 1 mixed).
    • Latest additions: Maratha Military Landscape (44th, 12 forts), Moidam (43rd, Assam), Hoysaleswara Temple (42nd, Karnataka), Santiniketan (41st, West Bengal), Dholavira (40th, Gujarat).
    • Mixed site: Khangchendzonga (Sikkim).
    • Intangible cultural heritage: 15 total, latest is Garba dance.
    • First sites added (1983): Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, Taj Mahal, Agra Fort.
    • UNESCO World Heritage Day: April 18.
    • Seven properties in UNESCO Tentative List: Panchgani Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra), Tirumala Hills (Andhra Pradesh), Arramatti (Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh), Varkala (Kerala), Deccan Trap (Karnataka), Meghalaya Caves, Naga Hills.
  • Barabi Sairang Rail Link: This project will provide first-time railway connectivity to Aizawl, the capital of Mizoram. The 51 km long track will include 5 stations. (Sikkim's first railway link was to Rangpo).
    • Indian Railways has 18 zones.
    • First train in India: 1853, Mumbai to Thane (under Lord Dalhousie).
    • Mizoram statehood: 1987 (53rd Constitutional Amendment).
    • Mizoram shares international borders with Myanmar and Bangladesh.
    • Prominent geographical features in Mizoram: Blue Mountain, Lushai Hills.
    • National Park in Mizoram: Murlen National Park.
    • Railway Budget was separated from the General Budget based on the Acworth Commission's recommendations and later merged based on the Vivek Debroy Committee's recommendations.
  • Namo Bharat Train (Regional Rapid Transit System - RRTS):
    • India's fastest train, achieving 160 km/hr.
    • Operates on the Delhi-Meerut corridor (82.15 km track).
    • Manufactured by Alstom at its Savli plant in Gujarat, with design from Hyderabad.
  • World Bank Shoreline Protection Project: Started in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
  • IIM Ahmedabad: Opened its first international campus in Dubai.
  • 11th Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) India Region Conference: Held in Bengaluru.
  • "Shim Prahar" Exercise: Conducted by the Indian Army in Arunachal Pradesh (along with "Yuddh Kaushal" and "Achook Prahar").
  • INS Aravali: Commissioned into the Indian Navy in Gurugram.

Health & Science

  • First indigenous malaria vaccine: AdalphaC_Vax.
  • Da Vinci Robotic System: AIIMS Delhi became the first government medical college to provide training on this system.

Culture & Heritage

  • National Hindi Day: Celebrated on September 14, commemorating Hindi's designation as the official language of the Union on September 14, 1949 (Article 343). First celebrated in 1953.
    • Hindi is included in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution (22 languages) and uses Devanagari script. It is not a classical language.
    • World Hindi Day is observed on January 10, marking the first World Hindi Conference in Nagpur in 1975.
    • Former PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the first Indian to address the UN in Hindi (1977, as Foreign Minister).
    • The Official Language provisions are in Part 17 of the Constitution (Articles 343-351). The first Official Language Commission (Article 344) was the B.G. Kher Commission (1955).
    • World Hindi Secretariat is located in Port Louis, Mauritius.

Other Notable Mentions

  • Sushila Karki (Nepal): Sworn in as Nepal's first woman Interim Prime Minister, following the Jain Ji movement. She was also Nepal's first woman Chief Justice. Her oath was administered by President Ram Chandra Pandey.
  • "Believers Dilemma" (Biography): This book is a sequel to "Vajpayee: The Ascent of the Hindu Right" by Abhishek Chaudhary, focusing on Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Atal Bihari Vajpayee's birthday (December 25) is observed as Good Governance Day, and he holds the record for the shortest tenure as PM (13 days).
  • Vatsala: Asia's oldest elephant, passed away in Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh.
  • First Woman Fighter Pilot (Indian Navy): Aastha Poonia.
  • Japan's Centenarians: The number of people aged 100 or older in Japan reached 99,763.