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1. Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam (128th Constitutional Amendment Bill)

  • Objective: To provide 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.
  • Key Provisions:
    • Applicable to the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT).
    • Includes a "quota within a quota" for SCs and STs.
  • Implementation Timeline:
    • The reservation will come into effect after the publication of the next census.
    • Implementation is subject to the subsequent delimitation exercise (readjustment of constituencies).
  • Duration: The reservation is initially mandated for a period of 15 years, extendable by Parliament.

2. 18th G20 Summit (New Delhi, 2023)

  • Theme: Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (One Earth, One Family, One Future).
  • Key Outcomes:
    • African Union (AU) Membership: Admitted as a permanent member, shifting the G20 to "G21" status.
    • New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration: Adopted by consensus, focusing on sustainable growth, climate finance, and multilateral reforms.
    • Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA): Launched by India to accelerate the adoption of biofuels globally.
    • India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC): A multi-modal transport and ship-to-rail transit network announced to bolster trade connectivity.

3. Aditya-L1 Mission

  • Purpose: India’s first space-based mission to study the Sun.
  • Positioning: Placed in a halo orbit around Lagrange Point 1 (L1), approximately 1.5 million km from Earth.
  • Key Payloads:
    • VELC (Visible Emission Line Coronagraph): To study the solar corona and dynamics of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs).
    • SUIT (Solar Ultra-violet Imaging Telescope): To image the solar photosphere and chromosphere.
  • Scientific Goals: Observing solar activities, understanding space weather, and studying the Sun's upper atmospheric dynamics (chromosphere and corona).

4. PM-PRANAM Scheme

  • Full Form: PM Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth.
  • Objective: To incentivize States and Union Territories to promote alternative fertilizers and reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers (specifically Urea).
  • Funding Mechanism:
    • 50% of the subsidy savings generated by a State will be passed on to that State as a grant.
    • Grants can be used for asset creation, technological adoption, and awareness programs at the village/block level.

Comparison of Recent Environmental Initiatives

InitiativePrimary FocusKey Target
MISHTIMangrove ConservationShoreline habitats and salt pan lands.
Amrit DharoharWetland ConservationPromoting values of Ramsar sites.
Green Credit ProgramMarket-based IncentivesRewarding environmentally sustainable actions.