• Global Innovation Index 2025

  • India's rank: 38th.
  • Issued by: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), headquartered in Geneva.
  • Top-ranked countries: 1st Switzerland, 2nd Sweden, 3rd USA.
  • India's highest performance (22nd rank) was in 'Knowledge and Technology Production'.
  • Last rank (139th): Niger.
  • China entered the top 10 for the first time.

• National and International Developments

  • Fully Functional Literate States (Second): Goa is the second state to achieve full functional literacy; Mizoram was the first.
  • Education Standards Agreement: Uttar Pradesh signed an agreement with Monash University, Australia, to boost education standards.
  • Ukraine Drone Attack: Ukraine launched a major drone attack on Russia under 'Operation Spider Web'.
  • European Union Naval Force Exercise: EU naval force (EU NAVFOR) ships conducted their first table-top exercise in Mumbai, India.
  • Tobacco Age Restriction: Karnataka state raised the minimum age for tobacco purchase/consumption from 18 to 21 years.
  • Book Release: 'Sanghatil Manvi Vyavasthapan' by Nitin Gadkari.
  • Volcanic Eruption: Mount Etna volcano in Italy erupted.
  • UN General Assembly President: Annalena Baerbock of Germany was elected President of the 80th session of the UN General Assembly.
  • Sindoor Park: Dedicated to 'Operation Sindoor', opened in Kutch, Gujarat.
  • BRICS Parliamentary Forum: The 11th BRICS Parliamentary Forum was organized in Brazil.
  • C-CARE 2.0 Digital Platform: Launched by the Coal Ministry.
  • India in UN ECOSOC: India was elected as a member of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for 2026-28.
  • Women's Cricket World Cup 2025: India will host the ICC Women's Cricket World Cup 2025.
  • Economic Advisory Council to PM (Chairman): Mahendra Dev was appointed chairman.
  • First E-commerce Company with NBFC License: Flipkart received a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) license from RBI.
  • Currency Note Change: Bangladesh removed the image of its national father from its currency notes.
  • First Indigenous AI Model: Bharat GPT.
  • Vande Ganga Water Conservation Campaign: Started from Jaipur, Rajasthan, on June 5, 2025.
  • UN Security Council Non-Permanent Members (2026-27): New members include Latvia, Bahrain, DR Congo (Zaire), Colombia, and Liberia.
  • UN Ocean Conference 2025: To be held in France.
  • Rafale Fighter Fuselage Production: Dassault Aviation (France) and Tata will produce Rafale fighter fuselages in Hyderabad, India.
  • Knighthood Award: David Beckham (footballer) received Knighthood on King Charles III's birthday.
  • Axiom Four Mission: Shubhanshu Shukla became the second Indian to go to space with the Axiom Four Mission.
  • French Open 2025: Men's singles won by Carlos Alcaraz (Spain); Women's singles won by Coco Gauff (USA).
  • Anahat Singh (Squash): Indian player Anahat Singh is associated with the sport of Squash.
  • 16th Finance Commission: Arvind Panagariya (Head), T. Ravishankar (Part-time member).
  • Vande Bharat Rail Maintenance Depot: India's first in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
  • UN Sasakawa Award for Disaster Risk Reduction: Mrutyunjay Mohapatra (Head of Indian Meteorological Department).
  • First Women's Cancer Treatment Centre in Asia: Apollo Ethna, New Delhi.
  • 23rd Law Commission Chairman: Dinesh Maheshwari.
  • SCO Summit 2027: To be held in Pakistan.
  • Freedom Edge Military Exercise: Conducted by USA, South Korea, and Japan.
  • National Policy on Geothermal Energy: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy launched its first national policy on geothermal energy.
  • Inspire MANAK Award (Student Innovation): Muzaffarpur, Bihar, topped the list for student innovation.
  • Ebola Outbreak: Reported in Kasai province, DR Congo.
  • Operation 'Weed Out': Launched by DRI for drug trafficking.

• India-Mauritius Satellite Tracking Station

  • India will establish a satellite tracking station in Diego Garcia, Indian Ocean.
  • Diego Garcia, previously a US/UK base, came under Mauritius' control on May 22, 2025.
  • Objective: Monitor the Indian Ocean, particularly China's activities.
  • Mauritius Prime Minister: Navin Chandra Ramgoolam.
  • Capital of Mauritius: Port Louis.
  • PM Modi received Mauritius' highest award: Grand Commander of the Order of the Star.
  • The first Jan Aushadhi Kendra outside India was opened in Mauritius.
  • The World Hindi Secretariat is headquartered in Port Louis, Mauritius.

• Polymetallic Sulphide Exploration

  • India obtained a license from the International Seabed Authority (ISA) for polymetallic sulphide exploration.
  • ISA Headquarters: Kingston, Jamaica.
  • Exploration will occur in the Carlsberg Ridge (underwater mountain range) in the Arabian Sea of the Indian Ocean.
  • Polymetallic sulphides contain valuable metals like gold, silver, zinc, and copper.
  • This is the first time a country has received such a license for a 300,000 sq km area.

• Aluminum Ion Battery Development

  • Developed by: Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), Bengaluru.
  • Current mobile, laptop, and electric vehicle batteries are lithium-ion.
  • Advantages of aluminum-ion batteries: lighter, cheaper, safer, more durable, reduces import dependency.
  • Composition: Aluminum and water solution.
  • Efficiency: Demonstrated 96.77% retention after 150 charge-discharge cycles.

• Moran Community Demand for ST Status

  • Location: Tinsukia district, Assam.
  • The Moran community launched an economic blockade demanding Scheduled Tribe (ST) status.
  • The 6th Schedule of the Constitution deals with the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, and Mizoram.
  • Assam currently has three autonomous councils under the 6th Schedule: Bodoland, Karbi Anglong, and Dima Hasao.
  • The Moran community demands its own council.

• PM Modi's Birthday Initiatives (September 17, 2025)

  • Location: Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh.
  • Swasth Nari Sashakt Parivar Abhiyan: Campaign from September 17 to October 2, focusing on health camps for women and children (testing for anemia, TB, sickle cell anemia).
  • Rashtriya Poshan Maah: The 8th edition of the National Nutrition Month was launched.
  • Maa Ki Bagiya Yojana: A scheme to promote environmental protection and women's empowerment through gardening for income generation.
  • Aadi Seva Parv: Launched for tribal areas to improve education, nutrition, health, and employment.
  • PM Mitra Park: The largest PM Mitra Park was inaugurated in Bhainsla village, Dhar district.
  • Suman Sakhi Chatbot: Launched to provide information to pregnant women.
  • Sickle Cell Card: The 10 millionth (1 crore) Sickle Cell Card was distributed in Madhya Pradesh.
  • Swachhta Seva Pakhwada: The 9th edition of the Cleanliness Service Fortnight was initiated on September 17 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

• Duleep Trophy 2025

  • Sport: Cricket.
  • Winner: Central Zone, captained by Rajat Patidar.
  • Runner-up: South Zone.
  • Tournament started: 1961-62.
  • Venue: Bengaluru.
  • Other notable cricket trophies: Colonel C.K. Nayudu Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Deodhar Trophy, Anderson Tendulkar Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Irani Trophy.

• Book Release: 'Demography, Representation, Delimitation'

  • Author: Historian Ravi K. Mishra.
  • Focus: The historical controversies and issues surrounding delimitation (redrawing of parliamentary and assembly constituency boundaries).
  • Delimitation Facts:
    • Constitutional Article: Article 82.
    • First in India: 1952.
    • Total times: Four.
    • Last: 2002 (under Kuldeep Singh Committee).
    • Next scheduled: After 2026 (mandated by 84th Constitutional Amendment, 2002).
  • Related book: Anupam Kher's 'Different But No Less'.

• FIDE Grand Swiss 2025

  • Venue: Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
  • Women's winner: Vaishali Ramesh Babu.
  • Men's winner: Anish Giri.

• Ambu Karangal Program

  • Launched by: Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin.
  • Purpose: Provide education to orphan children.
  • Meaning: 'Hands of Love'.
  • Benefits: Financial assistance of ₹2000 per month per child until the age of 18.
  • Part of: Theyu Manohar Yojana.

• King Suhaldev Memorial

  • A memorial for King Suhaldev, who defeated Ghaznavi general Ghazi Saiyyad Salar Masud in 1033, was inaugurated in Uttar Pradesh.

• Man Ki Baat Art Exhibition

  • Inspired by PM Modi's radio program 'Mann Ki Baat'.
  • Organized by: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA).
  • Featured paintings by Padma Bhushan awardee Ram Bahadur Rai.