Rajasthan

Appearance

Key Events in Indian History (1901-1950)

  • 7 August 1905: Boycott of foreign goods started at Kolkata's Town Hall in protest of Bengal partition.
  • 16 October 1905: Bengal partition confirmed; celebrated as Raksha Bandhan Day.
  • 1907: Surat Session of Congress; partition of moderate and extremist factions (Garama Dal and Narama Dal).
  • 1909: Morley-Minto Act introduced communal electorate system.
  • 9 January 1915: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India; celebrated as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas.
  • 1916: Lucknow Session of Congress; pact between Congress and Muslim League; reunion of moderate and extremist factions.
  • 1916: Establishment of Banaras Hindu University (BHU); Home Rule League Movement started.
  • 1917: Calcutta Session of Congress, Annie Besant became first female Congress president.
  • 1917: Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar, Mahatma Gandhi's first participation, against indigo farming and Tinkathia system.
  • 1919: Rowlatt Act (no appeal, no argument, no lawyer).
  • 1919: Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms introduced dual system (dyarchy) in provinces.
  • 13 April 1919: Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar.
  • 1920: Non-Cooperation Movement began; Mahatma Gandhi renounced his Kaiser-e-Hind title.
  • February 1922: Chauri Chaura incident in Gorakhpur, UP; led to the end of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
  • 1923: Swaraj Party founded by Chittaranjan Das and Motilal Nehru.
  • 1924: Belgaum Session of Congress, presided by Mahatma Gandhi (first and only time).
  • 1925: Kanpur Session of Congress, presided by Sarojini Naidu (first Indian female Congress president).
  • 9 August 1925: Kakori Train Action (formerly Kakori Train Robbery).
  • 1927: Simon Commission formed.
  • 1928: Simon Commission arrived in India; Nehru Report presented.
  • 1929: Lahore Session of Congress; demand for Purna Swaraj (complete self-rule).
  • 26 January 1930: Declared Purna Swaraj Day.
  • 1930: Civil Disobedience Movement began; Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha).
  • 1930: First Round Table Conference (Congress did not participate).
  • 5 March 1931: Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed.
  • 23 March 1931: Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev hanged.
  • 1931: Second Round Table Conference; Mahatma Gandhi participated.
  • 1932: Communal Award by Ramsay MacDonald; Poona Pact between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar.
  • 1940: August Offer; Individual Satyagraha Movement started (Vinoba Bhave first Satyagrahi).
  • 9 August 1942: Quit India Movement began; "Do or Die" slogan; Operation Zero Hour initiated.
  • March 1946: Cabinet Mission formed to create the Constituent Assembly.
  • 9 December 1946: First meeting of Constituent Assembly; Sachchidananda Sinha appointed interim president.
  • 13 December 1946: Objective Resolution (Preamble) presented by Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • 22 January 1947: Objective Resolution accepted.
  • 3 June 1947: Mountbatten Plan announced partition of India and Pakistan.
  • 18 July 1947: Indian Independence Act passed.
  • 22 July 1947: National Flag adopted.
  • 26 November 1949: Constitution of India completed and adopted.
  • 24 January 1950: Constituent Assembly signed the Constitution; National Anthem and National Song adopted.
  • 26 January 1950: Constitution of India fully came into effect.
  • 28 January 1950: Supreme Court formed.

Current Affairs (as of November 20, 2025/2023 - date as per transcript)

  • Space Exploration

    • China's Chang'e 6 mission discovered small iron oxide crystals (hematite and magnetite) for the first time on the moon.
    • India's Chandrayaan-3 mission, launched on 14 July 2023 and landed on 23 August 2023, designated its landing site as "Shiv Shakti Point". 23 August is National Space Day.

  • Awards & Recognition

    • Cambridge Dictionary selected "Parasocial" as the Word of the Year 2025.
    • India received the Bloomberg Award 2025 for tobacco control.
    • Indian Post Payment Bank received the Digital Payment Award 2024-25 from the Ministry of Finance.

  • Sports

    • Indian tennis star Ankita Raina won the doubles title at the ITF Women's Tournament in Portugal.
    • Neeraj Chopra won a gold medal in Javelin Throw (88.16m) at the Paris Diamond League.
    • The first edition of the ICC Women's Emerging Nations Trophy will be held in Thailand, with eight teams participating.
    • Rishabh Pant became the first Indian and second world wicketkeeper to score centuries in both innings of a Test match.
    • The Indian contingent won 27 medals at the Thailand Asia Para Badminton Championship.
    • Neeraj Chopra won gold in javelin throw at the Ostrava Golden Spike 2025.
    • India won 35 medals at the Under-23 and Under-17 Asian Wrestling Championship 2025 in Vietnam.
    • Janvi Jindal from Chandigarh became India's youngest female athlete with 11 Guinness World Records in skating.

  • Government Initiatives & Policies

    • Bihar became the first state to adopt a mobile-based e-voting system for urban elections.
    • The Indian government launched Operation Sindhu to evacuate Indians from Iran.
    • The Indian government's Fastag scheme offers an annual pass for ₹3000 allowing 200 toll tax crossings.
    • Maharashtra included Hindi as a general third language in schools.
    • The AMR 2.0 initiative (Anti-Microbial Resistance) was launched by the Government of India to combat drug-resistant infections, running from 2025-2029 (first phase 2017-2021).
    • A panel under Vineet Joshi was formed to review the dependency on coaching centers for entrance exams.
    • The first All India Household Income Survey (2026) will be conducted under a panel chaired by Surjit Bhalla.
    • The third fully functional literate state under the Ullas Nav Bharat Saksharta Program is Tripura (Mizoram: 1st, Goa: 2nd, Himachal Pradesh: 4th).
    • The Union Cabinet approved the establishment of the International Potato Center's South Asia Regional Center in Singana, Uttar Pradesh.
    • The Indian government started the first export of rose-scented litchi from Punjab to Qatar and UAE.
    • The Indian Army launched Operation Bahali in Jammu & Kashmir.

  • Infrastructure & Development

    • Reliance Infrastructure Aviation will manufacture Falcon 2000 jets in Maharashtra.
    • Oman Airport became the world's first airport to start Wi-Fi 7 in partnership with Huawei.
    • The first nuclear power plant under India's Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Mission will be established in Bihar.
    • India's first AI-powered Smart Traffic System was launched in Delhi.
    • India's longest animal overpass corridor was unveiled on the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway near Ranthambore Tiger Reserve.

  • Rankings & Reports

    • India ranked 71st in the World Economic Forum's Energy Transition Index.
    • Chandigarh performed best among states/UTs in the Ministry of Education's Performance Grade Index 2.0 (2023-24).
    • India ranked 115th in the Global Peace Index and 118th in the Happiness Index.
    • India entered the Top 100 for the first time in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index, ranked 99th.
    • In the QS World University Sustainability Ranking 2026, Lund University (Sweden) ranked first globally. No Indian university was in the top 200; IIT Delhi was the highest-ranked Indian institution at 205th position.
    • India ranked 3rd in the Hurun Global Unicorn Index.

  • Festivals & Events

    • The 56th edition of the Indian International Film Festival (IFFI) will be held in Goa (Panaji). Japan is the Focus Country, Spain is the Partner Country, and Australia is the Spotlight Country. The opening film is "The Blue Trail" (Brazil).
    • The month-long Bonalu folk festival is celebrated in Telangana.
    • The Indian Conservation Conference 2025 was held in Dehradun.

  • International Relations & Security

    • The US conducted an airstrike on Iranian nuclear sites under Operation Midnight Hammer.
    • Iran attacked a US airbase in Qatar with missiles under Operation Basayat Al Fateh.
    • The 7th meeting of National Security Advisors (NSA) of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) will be held in New Delhi, with Malaysia as the guest country. India's NSA is Ajit Doval.
    • Mazagon Dockyard Mumbai announced the acquisition of a controlling stake in Colombo Dockyard.

  • Political Developments

    • Nitish Kumar will take oath as Bihar's Chief Minister for the 10th time at Gandhi Maidan, Patna.

  • Other Noteworthy Events

    • ISRO successfully launched model rockets for the first time in Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh.
    • "Desi Oon" (Indigenous Wool) film received the Jury Award for Best Commissioned Film at the International Animation Festival in France.
    • Lenacapavir, a drug related to HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), was approved by the US FDA.
    • President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated Rashtrapati Tapovan and Rashtrapati Niketan in Dehradun.
    • First archival evidence of Halley's Comet was found at Mallikarjuna Swamy Temple in Andhra Pradesh.
    • INS Nilgiri, the first Project 17A stealth frigate, was deployed in Visakhapatnam.
    • "Constitution Murder Day" (Samvidhan Hatya Divas) is celebrated on June 25, the date of the 1975 Emergency.
    • The first butterfly sanctuary in India opened in Aralam-1, Kerala.
    • The IAEA conducted the nuclear emergency exercise CONVEX 25 in Romania.
    • ICMR Pune launched "Nakshatra," its first high-performance computing facility for genomic surveillance.
    • Prime Minister Modi paid tribute to Rani Lakshmibai on her birth anniversary (November 19, 1828, Uttar Pradesh).
    • The book "The One" was authored by Shikhar Dhawan.
    • The First Fast Patrol Vessel (FPV) "Adhmy" was included in the Indian Coast Guard, launched from Goa.
    • The Natural Farming Summit was inaugurated by PM Modi in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.