Rajasthan

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India's Five-Year Plans

  • First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956)
    • Began: April 1, 1951.
    • Model: Harrod-Domar.
    • Drafted by: K.N. Raj.
    • Focus: Agriculture.
    • Target Growth: 2.1%; Achieved Growth: 3.6%.
  • Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961)
    • Model: Mahalanobis.
    • Focus: Heavy industries.
    • Key Achievements: Establishment of Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), Rourkela (Odisha), and Durgapur (West Bengal) iron and steel plants.
    • Target Growth: 4.5%; Achieved Growth: 4.27%.
  • Third Five-Year Plan (1961-1966)
    • Model: Sukhamoy Chakravarty.
    • Objective: Agriculture and industry.
    • Challenges: India-China War (1962), India-Pakistan War (1965) led to non-achievement of targets.
    • Key Events: "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan" slogan, establishment of Food Corporation of India (1965).
  • Plan Holiday (1966-1969)
    • Duration: Three one-year plans.
    • Key Event: Launch of the Green Revolution for food grain self-sufficiency.
  • Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974)
    • Model: Ashok Rudra / Drafted by D.R. Gadgil.
    • Objective: Economic development with stability and self-reliance.
    • Target Growth: 5.5-5.7%; Achieved Growth: 3.3%.
    • Key Events: India-Pakistan War (1971), Pokhran-I (Operation Smiling Buddha, 1974 - first nuclear test), nationalization of 14 banks (1969).
  • Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1978)
    • Model: D.P. Dhar.
    • Objective: Poverty eradication (Garibi Unmoolan).
    • Duration: Ended prematurely in 1978 (only plan to do so).
    • Target Growth: 4.4%; Achieved Growth: 4.8%.
  • Rolling Plan (1978-1980)
    • Concept by: Gunnar Myrdal (in his book "Asian Drama").
    • Implemented in India by: Lakdawala.
  • Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985)
    • Model: Input-Output.
    • Objectives: Employment generation and poverty eradication.
    • Key Events: Establishment of NABARD (1982), nationalization of 6 more banks (1980), death of Indira Gandhi (1984), Operation Blue Star, Operation Meghdoot (Siachen acquisition) (1984).
  • Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990)
    • Objective: Social justice with modernization.
    • Slogan: "Food, Work, and Productivity" (Bhojan, Kaam, Utpadakta).
    • Target Growth: 5%; Achieved Growth: 6%.
    • Key Event: Establishment of SEBI (1988).
  • Plan Holiday (1990-1992)
    • Duration: Two one-year plans.
    • Key Event: Economic crisis and adoption of New Economic Policy (LPG - Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) in 1991 under PM P.V. Narasimha Rao and FM Dr. Manmohan Singh.
  • Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-1997)
    • Model: John W. Miller.
    • Objective: Human Resource Development (influenced by HDI concept by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen).
    • Key Events: 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (Panchayati Raj and Urban Local Bodies) (1992), establishment of WTO (January 1, 1995).
  • Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002)
    • Objective: Economic growth with social justice and equality.
    • Key Events: Launch of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (December 25, 2000), Kargil War.
  • Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007)
    • Model: Input-Output.
    • Objective: Economic growth with social justice and equality.
    • Achieved Growth: 7.6% (highest till then).
    • Key Event: NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) of 2005, implemented from February 2, 2006.
  • Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012)
    • Objective: Rapid and Inclusive Development.
    • Achieved Growth: 8% (highest ever).
    • Key Event: Right to Education Act (2009), implemented from April 1, 2010.
  • Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012-2017)
    • Objective: Rapid, Sustainable, and Inclusive Development.
    • Last Five-Year Plan.
    • Target Growth: 8%; Achieved Growth: 6.7-6.9%.
    • Key Targets: Agricultural growth 4%, Total Fertility Rate 2.1%.

Nobel Prizes

  • General Information:
    • Started: 1901 (Alfred Nobel's will in 1895, death in 1896).
    • Fields: 6 (Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace, Economics).
    • Economics Prize: Established in 1968, first awarded in 1969 by Sweden's Sveriges Riksbank (Riksbank Award).
    • Award Locations: Stockholm (all except Peace), Oslo (Peace Prize).
    • Award Date: December 10 (Nobel's death anniversary).
  • Nobel Prize 2025 (as stated in lecture):
    • Physiology or Medicine: Mary Brunkob, Francis Ramesdale, Shimon Sakaguchi (for immune system tolerance). First (1901): Emil von Behring.
    • Physics: Michel S. Devoret, John Clarke, John Martis (for macroscopic quantum mechanical tunneling in electrical circuits). First (1901): Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (for X-rays).
    • Chemistry: Richard Robson, Omar Yaghi, Susumu Kitagawa (for Metal-Organic Frameworks - MOFs). First (1901): Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff.
    • Literature: Laszlo Krasznahorkai (Hungary) (for his mesmerizing and visionary works). First (1901): Sully Prudhomme.
    • Peace: Maria Corina Machado (Venezuelan opposition leader). First (1901): Henry Dunant and Frédéric Passy.
    • Economics: Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, Peter Howitt (for sustainable development through technological progress and creative destruction). First (1969): Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen.
  • Indian Nobel Laureates:
    • Rabindranath Tagore: Literature (1913) for "Gitanjali" (first Indian and first Asian in Literature).
    • C.V. Raman: Physics (1930) for Raman Effect.
    • Har Gobind Khorana: Medicine (1968) for artificial gene synthesis and genetic code interpretation.
    • Mother Teresa: Peace (1979) (first Indian woman).
    • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar: Physics (1983) for Chandrasekhar Limit.
    • Amartya Sen: Economics (1998) for Public Welfare State concept (first Indian in Economics).
    • V.S. Naipaul: Literature (2001) for "In a Free State."
    • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: Chemistry (2009) for studies on ribosome structure.
    • Kailash Satyarthi: Peace (2014) with Malala Yousafzai (for Bachpan Bachao Andolan).
    • Abhijit Banerjee: Economics (2019) for efforts to alleviate global poverty.

Recent Current Affairs

  • World Intellectual Property Indicators 2025 Report: India ranked 6th globally in patent filing.
  • Jogbani-Biratnagar Corridor Rail Link: India exchanged Letter of Exchange (LoE) with Nepal.
  • One-Stop Travel System: Approved by Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
  • Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari Initiative: Telangana received best-performing state award.
  • Climate Change Gallery 'On the Edge': Of National Science Museum Council, Kolkata, received CIMySet Award.
  • National Press Day 2025: Celebrated on November 16.
  • Strategic Cybercrime Agreement: India and Central Asian countries signed in New Delhi.
  • Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan (5-year): Concluding program in Amritsar.
  • Blue Flag Certificates: Sonapur and Puri beaches in Odisha received.
  • INVAR Anti-Tank Guided Missile: Central Defense Minister signed purchase agreement with BDL.
  • First Large LPG Import Agreement: India signed with the USA.
  • Ambaji Marble: From Gujarat, received GI tag.
  • International Students' Day 25: Celebrated on November 17.
  • AI-based Freight Train Locking Monitoring System 'Drishti': Indian Railways partnered with IIT Guwahati.
  • 20th International Tripitaka Chanting Ceremony: Organized in Bodh Gaya.
  • World Boxing Cup 25 Final: Hosted in Greater Noida.
  • Rashtriya Gopal Ratna Award 25: Arvind Patil awarded for best dairy farmer.
  • Sheethkalin Ronaley Festival: Celebrated in Himachal Pradesh.
  • Sakurajima Volcano: Erupted in Japan.
  • Asian Archery Championship: Indian contingent topped the medal table in Dhaka.
  • Sentinel-6B Satellite: Launched with Falcon 9 rocket.
  • 8th India-UK 'Ajay Warrior' Military Exercise: Held in Bikaner.
  • Operation Southern Spear: Launched by USA against drug trafficking vessels.
  • Goa Police: First police force in India with 100% cyber fraud response.
  • Leopard Population Control Program: Maharashtra's program approved by Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change.
  • International Gita Mahotsav 25: Madhya Pradesh is the partner state, held in Kurukshetra.
  • 16th Finance Commission Report: Submitted to President Murmu, relates to 2026-2031.
  • Chevalier Award (France): Awarded to Thotatharni.
  • UNICEF India Celebrity Advocate for Child Rights: Kriti Suresh appointed.
  • First Tribal Sports Conference: Held in Ladakh.
  • Small Iron Oxide Crystals on Moon: Discovered by China's Chang'e 6 probe.
  • Cambridge Dictionary Word of the Year 2025: "Parasocial".
  • ICC Women's Emerging Nations Trophy (First Edition): Held in Thailand.
  • First Airport with Huawei Wi-Fi: In Oman.
  • AMR 2.0 Initiative (Drug-Resistant Infections): India launched, first launched in 2017.
  • QS World University Sustainability Ranking 2026: IIT Delhi topped among Indian institutions.
  • Indian International Film Festival (Goa): 56th edition to be held.
  • Nitish Kumar: Took oath as Chief Minister of Bihar for the 10th time.
  • 7th Meeting of National Security Advisors of Colombo Conference: Held in New Delhi, India.
  • Rani Lakshmibai Jayanti: PM Modi paid tribute; born in Uttar Pradesh.
  • 20th G20 Summit: Started in Johannesburg, South Africa.
  • Global Climate Change Performance Index 26: India ranked 23rd.
  • Kantar BrandZ 2025 Most Valuable Indian Brand List: HDFC Bank topped.
  • US Major Non-NATO Ally: Saudi Arabia designated.
  • Tesla's First Dedicated Center in India: To be started in Gurugram.
  • BIRSA 1001: Crispr gene therapy.
  • World Fisheries Day: Celebrated annually on November 21.
  • Me-Seva on WhatsApp (Citizen Services): Launched by Telangana after Andhra Pradesh.
  • ICC U19 Men's Cricket World Cup 26: To be hosted by Zimbabwe and Namibia.
  • First Earth Summit 25-26: Launched by NABARD and IIM-A in Hyderabad.
  • Colombo Security Conclave New Member: Seychelles.
  • Senkaku Islands Dispute: Increased tension between China and Japan.
  • Basmati Rice: Indian product facing global legal hurdles for GI protection.
  • Operation Sambhav (Against Maoists): Launched in Andhra Pradesh.
  • International Tennis Hall of Fame: Roger Federer included.
  • First Indian PSLV Rocket by Private Companies: Built by HAL and L&T.
  • Miss Universe 25: Fatima Boss (Mexico) won. Manika Vishwakarma represented India.
  • World Television Day: Celebrated annually on November 21.
  • World Boxing Cup Final 2025: India won 20 medals.
  • UP GI Tags: Mathura's Poshak and Meerut's Bugul.