Rajasthan

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Indian Five-Year Plans ​

  • First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956)
    • Start: April 1, 1951.
    • Model: Harold-Domar.
    • Draft prepared by: K.N. Raj.
    • Focus: Agriculture.
    • Target Growth: 2.1%; Achieved Growth: 3.6%.
  • Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961)
    • Model: Mahalanobis.
    • Focus: Heavy industries.
    • Key Establishments: Iron and Steel Plants in Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), Rourkela (Odisha), Durgapur (West Bengal).
    • Target Growth: 4.5%; Achieved Growth: 4.27%.
  • Third Five-Year Plan (1961-1966)
    • Model: Sukhmoy Chakravarty.
    • Focus: Agriculture and Industry (both).
    • Context: India-China War (1962), India-Pakistan War (1965), plan failed to achieve targets.
    • Key Events: "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan" slogan by Lal Bahadur Shastri, Food Corporation of India (FCI) established in 1965.
  • Plan Holiday (1966-1969)
    • Reason: Economic crisis after wars.
    • Implemented: Three one-year plans.
    • Key Event: Green Revolution started for food self-sufficiency.
  • Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974)
    • Model: Ashok Rudra / D.R. Gadgil.
    • Objective: Economic development with stability and self-reliance.
    • Key Events: India-Pakistan War (1971), first nuclear test Pokhran-I "Operation Smiling Buddha" (1974), nationalization of 14 banks (1969).
    • Target Growth: 5.5-5.7%; Achieved Growth: 3.3%.
  • Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1978)
    • Model: D.P. Dhar.
    • Objective: Poverty eradication ("Garibi Hatao").
    • Distinction: Only plan to be terminated one year early (ended in 1978).
    • Target Growth: 4.4%; Achieved Growth: 4.8%.
  • Rolling Plan (1978-1980)
    • Introduced by: Janata Party government (PM Morarji Desai).
    • Concept by: Dr. Gunnar Myrdal (in his book "Asian Drama").
    • Implemented in India by: Lakdawala.
  • Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985)
    • Model: Input-Output model.
    • Objectives: Employment generation and poverty eradication.
    • Key Establishments: NABARD (1982), nationalization of 6 more banks (1980).
    • Key Events: Death of Indira Gandhi (1984), Operation Blue Star (1984), Operation Meghdoot (1984) to secure Siachen.
  • Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990)
    • Objective: Social justice with modernization.
    • Slogan: "Food, Work, and Productivity" (Bhojan, Kaam, aur Utpadakta).
    • Key Establishment: SEBI (1988).
    • Target Growth: 5%; Achieved Growth: 6%.
  • Plan Holiday (1990-1992)
    • Reason: Severe foreign exchange crisis.
    • Key Policy: New Economic Policy (LPG - Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) adopted in 1991 under PM P.V. Narasimha Rao and FM Dr. Manmohan Singh.
  • Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-1997)
    • Model: John W. Miller.
    • Focus: Human Resource Development (influenced by HDI concept by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen).
    • Key Legislative Changes: 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (1992) for Panchayati Raj and Urban Local Bodies.
    • Key International Event: WTO established on January 1, 1995.
  • Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002)
    • Objective: Social justice and equality with economic growth.
    • Key Scheme: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (2000).
    • Key Event: Kargil War (1999).
  • Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007)
    • Model: Input-Output model.
    • Objective: Social justice and equality with development.
    • Achievement: Highest growth rate of 7.6% among plans discussed so far.
    • Key Scheme: NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) passed in 2005, implemented nationwide on February 2, 2006.
  • Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012)
    • Objective: "Rapid and Inclusive Development."
    • Achievement: Achieved 8% growth, highest for any plan.
    • Key Legislation: Right to Education Act (2009), implemented on April 1, 2010.
  • Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012-2017)
    • Objective: "Rapid, Sustainable, and Inclusive Development."
    • Distinction: Final Five-Year Plan.
    • Targets: 4% growth in agriculture, 2.1% Total Fertility Rate (replacement rate).
    • Achieved Growth: 6.7% to 6.9% (against initial target of 9%, revised to 8.2%, then 8%).

Daily Current Affairs ​

  • Joint Military Exercises
    • Desert Cyclone 2025: Second edition of joint military exercise between India and UAE Army, held in Abu Dhabi from December 18-30.
    • Cyclone Exercise: Joint military exercise between India and Egypt, held in Rajasthan.
    • Ekta Exercise: Between India and Maldives.
  • National & International Awards/Appointments
    • PM Modi: Received "The Great Honor Nishan," Ethiopia's highest civilian award. He is the first foreign leader to receive it. (Ethiopia's capital: Addis Ababa, also HQ of African Union).
    • Barack Obama: Former US President won his third Emmy award for Netflix documentary "Our Oceans."
    • Ravi Ranjan: Appointed MD of State Bank of India (SBI), replacing Vinay Tose. (SBI was nationalized in 1955, evolving from Imperial Bank of India formed in 1921 by merging Bank of Madras, Bank of Bombay, and Bank of Bengal. It is India's largest public sector bank).
    • V. Sai Ram: Appointed MD/Chairman of Coal India.
    • Ghazala Hashmi: Indian-origin individual won election as Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, USA.
    • Dr. Manmohan Singh: Received the P.V. Narasimha Rao Award for Economy (posthumously).
  • Technological & Scientific Developments
    • Flamingo Cruise Missile: Ukraine successfully tested its first indigenous long-range cruise missile.
    • Ofek 19 Jaasi Satellite: Launched by Israel using a Shavit rocket.
    • Dhruv 64: India's fully indigenous micro-processor, developed by C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing). It's a 1 GHz, 64-bit dual-core system. (India's first fully indigenous micro-processor was Vikram 32).
    • ISRO: Signed an agreement with HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) for small satellite launch vehicle technology.
    • First Indigenous Adelfacy Vaccine: India has licensed private companies to produce this malaria vaccine.
  • Infrastructure & Economy
    • Andhra Pradesh CM: Announced plans to establish a space city and two defense centers.
    • Himachal Pradesh: Became the fourth fully literate state in India with 99.3% literacy. (Mizoram was the first).
    • First Yoga Ayurveda Cluster Center: Patanjali University in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, achieved this distinction under the Gyan Bharatam Mission (Culture Ministry). (World Ayurveda Day: September 23; World Yoga Day: June 21; Ministry: AYUSH).
    • Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan: Indore secured the top spot in the category of cities with over 10 lakh population.
    • First E-Waste Park: Opened in Khurja, Uttar Pradesh.
    • First International Atal Innovation Center: Inaugurated in Abu Dhabi.
    • Indian Railways Electrification: Achieved 99.2% electrification of its Broad Gauge network, electrifying 2701 route kilometers in 2024-25.
    • First Bamboo-based Bio-refinery: Established in Assam by Engineers India Limited.
    • IIM Ahmedabad International Campus: Its first international campus was inaugurated in Dubai by Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan.
    • Paramvir Dheergha: Inaugurated at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
  • Legislation & Governance
    • Viksit Bharat Guarantee Rojgar and Aajeevika Mission Gramin (VVG RAMJI) Bill 2025:
      • Introduced in Lok Sabha on December 16 by Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan.
      • Aims to replace the NREGA Act of 2005.
      • Proposed fund: ₹95,000 crore.
      • Guarantees 125 days of employment per year (compared to 100 days in NREGA).
      • Proposes weekly wage payments (compared to 15 days in NREGA).
      • Funding structure: Generally 60% by Central Government and 40% by State Governments; for North-Eastern states, 90% by Central Government and 10% by State Governments (compared to 100% Central funding for 100 days in NREGA).
      • Focuses on creating durable assets.
    • Albania: Became the world's first country to appoint an AI Minister, "Daila," to combat corruption.
  • Culture & Sports
    • Oscar 2026:
      • Scheduled for March 15, 2026, in Los Angeles (98th Academy Awards).
      • Indian film "Homebound" (Director: Neeraj Ghaywan, Producer: Karan Johar) has been shortlisted (top 15) for the Best International Feature Film category.
    • Hanukkah Festival: An eight-day Jewish "Festival of Lights," also known as Chanukah (meaning dedication), celebrated in winters.
    • Wyson Horn Maria Dance: A traditional dance performed by the Maria (also known as Dandami) tribe in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh.
    • IPL 2026 Auction:
      • Held in Dubai, UAE.
      • Cameron Green (Australia) became the most expensive foreign player in IPL history, bought by Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) for ₹25.20 crore.
    • Player of the Month (November):
      • Female: Shafali Verma (India).
      • Male: Simon Harmar (South Africa).
    • All India Civil Service Lawn Tennis Championship: Hosted in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
    • Anupam Kher: Author of the book "Different But Noble."
  • Miscellaneous
    • SCO RATS Council Meeting: Held in Cholpon-Ata.
    • Sambhav System: Messaging system launched by the Indian Army.
    • First Women's Tri-Service Water Expedition "Samudri Pradakshina": Undertaken by INS Triveni.
    • Vijay Diwas: Celebrated on December 16.
    • Chaupal Program: For handicrafts, organized by the Ministry of Textiles.
    • Asia Power Index 25: India ranked 3rd in Asia.
    • Chile President Election: Jose Antonio Kast.
    • Interpol Operation Thunder: Launched to combat trafficking of animals.
    • Petra and Ellora Caves: An initiative related to these sites was undertaken between India and Jordan.
    • UNESCO National Cuisine Recognition: Italy's national cuisine was recognized.
    • First Wildlife Safe Road: Bhopal-Jabalpur Road in Madhya Pradesh.
    • INS 335 Osprey: Commissioned in Goa.