Rajasthan

Appearance

International Appointments & Events ​

  • Jamaica: Andrew Holness was re-elected as Prime Minister for the third time.
    • Capital: Kingston.
    • Low voter turnout (38.8%) was observed, attributed to corruption and inequality.
  • Guyana: Irfaan Ali was re-elected as President for the second time. Guyana is an oil-rich nation in South America.
  • Mauritius: Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam is scheduled to visit India.
  • G20 Summit:
    • The USA will host the G20 Summit in 2026, specifically in Florida.
    • Established in 1999, G20 initially included 19 countries and the EU. The African Union was included in 2023.
    • The first G20 Summit was held in Washington D.C., USA, in 2008.
    • India hosted the G20 Summit in 2023 in New Delhi (at Bharat Mandapam) under the theme "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam".
    • Brazil will host the G20 Summit in 2024.
    • Johannesburg, South Africa, will host the G20 Summit in November 2025, with the theme "Unity, Equality, and Stability".
  • Other International Summits (2025):
    • G7: Canada
    • BRICS: Brazil
    • BIMSTEC: Thailand
    • ASEAN: Vientiane, Laos
    • SCO: Tianjin, China

Infrastructure & Development ​

  • Bhutan Hydroelectric Project: Adani Power (India) partnered with Druk Green Power (Bhutan) to establish the 570 MW Wangchhu Hydroelectric Project in Bhutan.
    • Investment: ₹6000 crore. It is a run-of-river project.
    • Other India-Bhutan hydroelectric projects include Puna Tsangchhu (1020 MW) and Chukha (336 MW).
    • Bhutan facts: Capital - Thimphu, PM - Tshering Tobgay, National Sport - Archery, Nickname - Land of the Thunder Dragon.
    • Bhutan shares borders with Indian states: Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh.
    • Doklam is a tri-junction between India (Sikkim), Bhutan, and China.
  • Semiconductor Projects: The Central government approved ₹4594 crore for four semiconductor projects in Odisha, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh.
  • Electric Vehicle Manufacturing: Vietnam's EV maker VinFast established its first plant in India in Tamil Nadu.
  • Rail Metro Contract: BEML Limited received its first foreign rail metro contract in Malaysia.
  • MP Flats in New Delhi: PM Modi inaugurated new Type-7 multi-storey flats for Members of Parliament (MPs) in New Delhi, named after rivers: Krishna, Godavari, Kosi, and Hooghly.
  • Solar Panels on Railway Tracks: Banaras Locomotive Works installed India's first removable solar panel on railway tracks.

Science & Technology ​

  • Cancer Vaccine: Russia unveiled the cancer vaccine "Enteromix," based on mRNA technology.
    • It is claimed to be 100% effective, working by strengthening the immune system to destroy cancer cells.
    • The first version is intended for colorectal cancer treatment.
    • Study of cancer is Oncology; World Cancer Day is February 4; Leukemia is blood cancer; Cobalt-60 is an isotope used in cancer treatment.
  • Hydrogen Engines: BHEL (India) signed a 10-year agreement with Horizon Fuel Cell Company (Singapore) to develop hydrogen engines in India. Hydrogen is a clean energy source and known as the 'fuel of the future'.
  • Malacca Strait Patrol: India launched the Malacca Strait Patrol Plan, supported by Singapore, to monitor activities (primarily Chinese) in the region. The Malacca Strait connects the Andaman Sea and the South China Sea.
  • Artificial Rain Experiment: India's first drone AI-based artificial rain experiment was conducted at Ramgarh Dam, Jaipur, Rajasthan (failed).
  • Satellite Connectivity: Tata Group company Nelco partnered with Eutelsat (France) for OneWeb LEO satellite connectivity in India.
  • Humanoid Robot Games: The first World Humanoid Robot Games were held in China.
  • AI-powered Immigration Corridor: Dubai International Airport launched the world's first AI-powered immigration corridor.
  • Space Lab: ISRO started the Space Lab Pasang Wangchuk in Arunachal Pradesh.
  • Deep Water Exploration: National Deep Water Exploration Mission 'Samudra Manthan' aims to explore marine resources (oil, gas, etc.).

Awards & Recognitions ​

  • Asian Surfing Championship: Ramesh Budhiyal became the first Indian male to win a medal in the open category at the Asian Surfing Championship in Tamil Nadu.
  • International Architecture Award: Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, Guwahati, Assam, received the International Architecture Award.
  • Indian Film Festival of Melbourne 2025: "Home Bound" won Best Film, and Abhishek Bachchan won Best Actor.
  • Venice Film Festival (82nd): Anupurna Rai won Best Director in the Orizzonti section.
  • Miss Universe India 2025: Manika Vishwakarma (Rajasthan) won the title.
  • ITTF World Para Table Tennis Championship: Bhavina Patel won Gold and Silver in the USA.

Sports ​

  • US Open 2025 (145th edition):
    • Men's Singles: Carlos Alcaraz (Spain) won for the second time (also 2023), defeating Jannik Sinner (Italy). Alcaraz achieved World No. 1 ranking.
    • Women's Singles: Aryna Sabalenka (Belarus) won, defeating Amanda (USA).
  • Grand Slam 2025 Winners (Tennis):
    • Australian Open (Hard Court, started 1905): Men - Jannik Sinner (Italy), Women - Madison Keys (USA).
    • French Open (Clay Court, started 1891): Men - Carlos Alcaraz (Spain), Women - Coco Gauff (USA).
    • Wimbledon (Grass Court, oldest, started 1877): Men - Jannik Sinner (Italy), Women - Iga Świątek (Poland).
    • US Open (Hard Court, started 1881): Men - Carlos Alcaraz (Spain), Women - Aryna Sabalenka (Belarus).
  • Asian Aquatics Championship 2025:
    • The mascot "Jalveer" was launched for the 11th edition.
    • To be hosted by Ahmedabad, Gujarat, at Veer Savarkar Sports Complex. India is hosting for the first time.
    • Launched by Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya.
    • India (Ahmedabad) is aiming to host the 2036 Olympics.
  • Other Sports Mascots:
    • Gaj Singh: Mascot for the 7th Khelo India Youth Games (held in Bihar), which Maharashtra topped.
    • Ujjwala (sparrow): Mascot for the Khelo India Para Games (held in Delhi), which Haryana topped.
  • Asian Table Tennis Championship: The 28th Asian Table Tennis Championship will be held in October 2025 at Kalinga Stadium, Odisha.
  • Asian Open Short Track Speed Skating Trophy 2025: India will host this event for the first time in Uttarakhand.
  • Asia Cup Hockey 2025: India defeated South Korea.
  • Sepak Takraw World Cup: The Indian Regu Team won a Gold Medal for the first time (held in Bihar).

Governance & Policy ​

  • High Seas Treaty (BBNJ): A 12-member committee was formed under Sanjay Upadhyay to draft laws under the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) treaty, also known as the High Seas Treaty.
    • Formed by India's Ministry of Earth Sciences, it aims to prevent over-exploitation of resources and pollution in the High Seas (areas beyond Exclusive Economic Zones, which extend 200 nautical miles from the coast).
  • Nepal Social Media Ban: Generation Z (Gen Z, people under 26) staged violent protests in Nepal against the government's ban on social media platforms (Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, Instagram).
    • The ban was imposed due to mandatory registration requirements.
    • The protests led to police firing, deaths, and the resignation of Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak.
  • Universal Bank Status: AU Small Finance Bank received RBI approval to become a universal bank.
  • Sikkim Initiatives: Sikkim launched Nari Adalat, Ama Suvidha Ghar, and Ama Sashaktikaran Yojana on the occasion of Pratham Amma Samman Diwas.
  • Social Media Fraud Detection: Maharashtra launched 'Garud Drishti' technology to detect social media fraud.
  • New Income Tax Bill: The New Income Tax Bill passed by Parliament will be implemented from April 1, 2026.
  • Corruption Allegations Investigation: The Lok Sabha Speaker formed a 3-member committee to investigate corruption charges against Justice Yashwant Varma.
  • Higher Education Commission: The Central government plans to integrate UGC, AICTE, and NCTE into the Indian Higher Education Commission.
  • Tiger Reserve: Debigarh (Odisha) is the latest Tiger Reserve approved by NTCA.
  • Land Record Digitization: Bodoland became the first Tribal Council to digitize land records.
  • NHPC Appointment: Bhupendra Gupta was appointed Chairman & MD of NHPC.
  • National Sports Award: The Bhogeshwar Baruah National Sports Award was launched by Assam.
  • Ukraine War: Russia targeted Kyiv's main government building for the first time since the start of the Ukraine war.
  • Climate Migration: Tuvalu is relocating its population to Australia as part of the world's first planned climate migration due to climate change.
  • Youth Entrepreneurship Platform: Union Minister Jitendra Singh launched the Campus Tank platform (Chंडीगढ़ University) to promote youth entrepreneurship.

Days & Dates ​

  • International Literacy Day: Celebrated on September 8.
    • Started in 1967.
    • 2025 Theme: "Promoting literacy in the digital age".
    • The conference was held in Paris (UNESCO HQ).
  • International Police Cooperation Day: September 7 (Interpole was established on Sept 7, 1923, with HQ in Lyon, France).
  • World Consumer Rights Day: March 15.
  • World Tourism Day: September 27.
  • India's Independence Day: 15th August 2025 marked India's 79th Independence Day.

Books & Personalities ​

  • "Why the Constitution Matters": Book by D.Y. Chandrachud (50th CJI of India).
  • "Operation Sindoor": Book by K.J.S. Dhillon.
  • Self-Respect Movement: Tamil Nadu celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Self-Respect Movement (associated with E.V. Ramasamy).
  • Chess Grandmaster: Rohit Krishna became India's 89th Chess Grandmaster.
  • Nagaland Governor: La Ganesan passed away.
  • "Sholay" Film Anniversary: Maharashtra Postal Circle released a postcard for the golden jubilee celebration of the "Sholay" film.