Rajasthan

Appearance

Nobel Prizes

  • Establishment & History:

    • Established in 1901, based on Alfred Nobel's 1895 will. Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite, died in 1896.
    • Awarded in six fields. The Economics prize was established later in 1968 by Sweden's Sveriges Riksbank (also known as the Riksbank Award).
    • All prizes (Literature, Peace, Physics, Chemistry, Medicine) are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, except the Peace Prize, which is awarded in Oslo, Norway.
    • Prizes are presented on December 10th, Alfred Nobel's death anniversary.

  • Nobel Prize Recipients (Year as stated by lecturer, likely recent/past awards):

    • Physiology/Medicine:
      • Recipients: Mary Brunkoob, Friends Remesdale, Simone Sakaguchi.
      • Contribution: Discovery related to the tolerance of the immune system.
      • First Award (1901): Adolf von Behring.
    • Physics:
      • Recipients: Michelle H. Debrot, John Clark, John Martinis.
      • Contribution: Microscopic quantum mechanical tunneling technique in electric circuits.
      • First Award (1901): Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (for X-ray discovery).
    • Chemistry:
      • Recipients: Richard Robson, Umariyagi, Susumu Kitagawa.
      • Contribution: Work on Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs).
      • First Award (1901): Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff.
    • Literature:
      • Recipients: Laszlo Krasznahorkai (Hungarian author).
      • Contribution: For his captivating and visionary works.
      • First Award (1901): Sully Prudhomme.
    • Peace:
      • Recipients: Maria Corina Machado (Venezuelan opposition leader).
      • First Award (1901): Henry Dunant (founder of Red Cross) and Frédéric Passy. The Red Cross has received the Peace Prize three times.
    • Economics:
      • Recipients: Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, Peter Howitt.
      • Contribution: Identifying conditions for sustainable development through technological progress and the principle of sustainable development through creative destruction.
      • First Award (1969): Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen (Dutch economist).

  • Indian Nobel Laureates:

    • Rabindranath Tagore: Literature (1913, "Gitanjali"), first Indian and first Asian in Literature.
    • C.V. Raman: Physics (1930, Raman Effect - scattering of light).
    • Har Gobind Khorana: Medicine (1968, artificial synthesis of genes for protein synthesis and interpretation of genetic code).
    • Mother Teresa: Peace (1979), first Indian woman Nobel laureate.
    • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar: Physics (1983, theoretical studies of stellar structure and evolution - Chandrasekhar Limit).
    • Amartya Sen: Economics (1998, concept of Public Welfare State), first Indian in Economics.
    • V.S. Naipaul: Literature (2001, "In a Free State").
    • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: Chemistry (2009, structure of ribosomes).
    • Kailash Satyarthi: Peace (2014, shared with Malala Yousafzai), for Bachpan Bachao Andolan.
    • Abhijit Banerjee: Economics (2019, efforts to alleviate poverty).

Current Affairs (as of November 5, 2025, per lecturer)

  • WJP Rule of Law Index 2025:
    • India's Rank: 86th (dropped 6 places from 80th).
    • First Place: Denmark.
    • Last Place (143rd): Venezuela.
    • India's Score: 0.49 out of 1.
    • Neighboring Countries: Pakistan (130th), China (92nd).
    • Venezuela: Capital Caracas, currency Bolivar, features Lake Maracaibo (largest in South America), Angel Falls (highest waterfall on Caroní River), Llanos grasslands.
  • India's Ranks in Other Key Indexes:
    • Economic Freedom Index: 128th
    • Henley Passport Index: 85th
    • Peace Index: 115th
    • Happiness Index: 118th
    • Human Development Index: 130th
    • Gender Gap Index: 131st
    • Hunger Index: 102nd
    • Innovation Index: 38th
    • Competitiveness Index: 41st
  • Maître Exercise: Joint military exercise between India and Thailand, held in Meghalaya.
  • SCO Summit: Held in Tianjin, China.
  • Aadi Vani: Initiative launched by the Tribal Affairs Ministry.
  • Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) Inauguration:
    • Location: Egypt, near the Great Pyramid of Khufu.
    • Significance: World's largest archaeological museum, housing 1 lakh artifacts. Construction began in 2005.
    • Egypt: Capital Cairo/Caro, "Gift of the Nile," Sinai Peninsula, Suez Canal (connects Mediterranean Sea to Red Sea).
  • First Indigenous Tempered Glass Manufacturing Facility: Started in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.
    • Noida Full Form: New Okhla Industrial Development Authority.
  • 25th Commonwealth Senior Weightlifting Championship: India topped the point table, held in Ahmedabad.
  • First Generational Smoking Ban Law:
    • Country: Maldives.
    • Restriction: Bans tobacco use, sale, and purchase for individuals born after January 1, 2007.
    • Effective Date: November 1, 2025.
    • Note: New Zealand previously enacted a similar ban in 2022 but repealed it in 2023.
    • Maldives: Island nation in Indian Ocean, smallest country in Asia, 8-degree channel separates Maldives from Lakshadweep.
  • Ramon Magsaysay Award 2025 (NGO): Educate Girls (from Rajasthan).
  • BWF World Championship 2025 (Paris): Satwik-Chirag won bronze.
  • Indian Army's War Skills Exercise (Achuk Prahar Abhyas): Held in Arunachal Pradesh.
  • 2026 Badminton World Championship Host: India.
  • Patriot Air Defense System to Ukraine:
    • Germany provided the US-manufactured Patriot air defense system to Ukraine to counter Russian drones and missiles.
    • System features surface-to-air missile capability.
    • Germany: Capital Berlin (on Spree River), hosted COP1 in 1995. Rhine River, Ruhr region (famous for coal).
    • Ukraine: Capital Kyiv (on Dnieper River), currency Hryvnia (as stated in lecture).
    • Global Air Defense Systems: Russia (S-400 Triumf), Israel (Iron Dome, Iron Beam), China (HQ-9), India (SAMAR, Vasharod, Akash, S-400 Triumf, Sudarshan Chakra Yojana, Bharvastra).
  • New Thai PM: Anutin Charnvirakul.
  • Controller General of Accounts (CGA), Ministry of Finance: TC Kalyani (as stated in lecture).
  • Indian Initiative by APEDA: Launched to promote agricultural exports.
  • India's First Indigenous Microprocessor: Vikram-32.
  • Mughal Miniature Painting Auction:
    • Painter: Basawan (from Emperor Akbar's court, along with Daswanth).
    • Auction Location: London.
    • Price: 13.6 million USD.
    • Depiction: Rocky landscape with a family of cheetahs.
    • Significance: Akbar's period (1575-80). Jahangir's era is considered the "Golden Age of miniature painting."
    • Most Expensive Indian Painting Auctioned: M.F. Husain's "Gram Yatra" for 13.75 million USD in New York.
  • UNFPA India Goodwill Ambassador for Gender Equality: Kriti Sanon.
  • 56th GST Council Meeting: Approved 5%, 18%, 40% tax structure under GST 2.0.
  • Book "Mother Mary Comes to Me": Arundhati Roy.
  • India's First Vulture Conservation Portal: Launched by Assam, led by B Foundation India.
  • 2026 G20 Summit Host: USA. (2025 G20 Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa).
  • PM-DevINE Scheme:
    • Purpose: Development of North-East India (announced in Budget 2022-23).
    • Project: Integrated Sohra Tourism Circuit inaugurated by Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia.
    • Location: Meghalaya.
    • Features: Rain experience centers, art and craft parks to boost local tourism and employment.
  • NIRF India Ranking 2025 (Overall Category): IIT Madras topped.
  • Sample Registration System Statistical Report 2023: India's infant mortality rate is 25.
  • First Indian to Win World Youth Scrabble Championship 2025: Madhav Gopal Kamat (from Delhi), championship held in Malaysia.
  • Country Banning 26 Unregistered Social Media Sites: Nepal (led to the Janjhi movement).
  • Second World Summit for Social Development:
    • First Summit: 1995, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    • Second Summit (2025): Doha, Qatar (Nov 4-6).
    • India's Representative: Mansukh Mandaviya (Union Minister for Labour and Employment).
    • Pillars: Poverty eradication, employment, social inclusion.
    • Doha: Hosted 2022 FIFA World Cup.
  • Tanzania's President Sworn in for Second Term: Samia Suluhu Hassan.
    • Tanzania: African continent, Capital Dodoma.
    • Geography: Mount Kilimanjaro (highest peak in Africa).
    • Famous for: Zanzibar and Pemba islands (known as "clove islands"). Lake Victoria (largest in Africa, source of Nile River).
  • Tamil Nadu's Self-Respect Movement (100th anniversary): Started in 1925 by E.V. Ramasamy (Periyar).
  • Latest Tiger Reserve (not yet notified): Debrigarh (Odisha).
  • First Tribal Council to Digitize Land Records: Bodoland (Assam).
  • Bharat Ratna Dr. Bhupen Hazarika National Award:
    • Presented by: Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia in Assam.
    • Fields: Literature, Music, Film, Culture.
    • Bhupen Hazarika: Known as "Poet of Brahmaputra," "Sudhakanth."
    • Awards: Bharat Ratna (posthumously, 2019), Padma Vibhushan (2012).
    • Bridge: Bhupen Hazarika Bridge (Dhola-Sadiya Bridge), 9.15 km long, longest bridge over a river in India (on Lohit River, connects Assam and Arunachal Pradesh).
    • Recipients (2025): Dr. Suryakant Hazarika (Assam), L.R. Cello (Mizoram), Yash Dorji (Arunachal Pradesh), Rajani Basumatary (Assam), David Simlo (Assam), Leshram (Manipur).
  • Recipient of Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite (Knight of the National Order of Merit Award from France): Sunil Kant Munjal.
  • Wangchhu Hydroelectric Project (postponed by Adani Power): In Bhutan.
  • Country Launching Cancer Vaccine (Enteromix): Russia.
  • International Literacy Day: September 8.
  • US Open 2025 Men's Singles Winner: Carlos Alcaraz (Spain).
  • 556th Birth Anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev:
    • Significance: Founder of Sikhism, first Sikh Guru.
    • Birthday: Kartik Purnima.
    • Birthplace: Talwandi (Nankana Sahib), Pakistan.
    • Teachings: Ik Onkar, Naam Japna, Kirt Karna, Wand Chakna.
    • Successor: Guru Angad Dev (also known as Lehnda).
    • Belief: Supporter of Nirgun Bhakti.
    • Celebration: Known as Gurupurab.
  • India Sends Rabies Vaccine to Timor-Leste: 10,000 doses, due to ongoing rabies outbreak.

Medha Series (General Knowledge / General Studies)

  • Hindustan Republican Association (HRA): Founded in 1924 in Kanpur by Sachindra Nath Sanyal. Later renamed HSRA (Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) in 1928 in Delhi by Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad.
  • Vitamin Behaving Like a Hormone: Vitamin D (Calciferol). Known as Sunshive Vitamin. Deficiency causes Rickets and Osteomalacia.
  • Newton's Law of Conservation of Momentum: Newton's Third Law (Action-Reaction).
  • Bauxite Ore: Aluminum.
  • All India Service Article: Article 312 of the Indian Constitution.
  • President's Assent on a Bill Article: Article 111.
  • Governor's Assent on a Bill Article: Article 200. (Governor can reserve a bill for President, President then acts under Article 201).
  • National Income Committee Chairman: P.C. Mahalanobis (committee formed in 1949).
  • Kumudini Lakhia: Prominent Kathak dancer (received Padma Vibhushan).
  • Drakensberg Mountains: Located in South Africa.
  • Doddabetta Peak: Highest peak of the Nilgiri Hills.