Rajasthan

Appearance

Nobel Prizes

  • General Information:

    • Initiated in 1901 based on Alfred Nobel's 1895 will (inventor of dynamite, died 1896).
    • Awarded in six fields.
    • Economics prize (Sveriges Riksbank Award) started in 1968, first awarded in 1969.
    • All Nobel Prizes, except the Peace Prize, are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden.
    • The Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway.
    • Prizes are presented annually on December 10, commemorating Alfred Nobel's death anniversary.

  • 2025 Nobel Prize Winners (as per lecture's labeling, implicitly current year):

    • Physiology or Medicine:
      • Winners: Mary Brunckoh, France Remsdel, Shimon Sakaguti.
      • Discovery: Immune system tolerance.
      • First Award (1901): Adolf von Behring.
    • Physics:
      • Winners: Michelle S. Devereau, John Clark, John Martinis.
      • Discovery: Microscopic quantum mechanical tunneling in electrical circuits.
      • First Award (1901): Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (for X-rays).
    • Chemistry:
      • Winners: Richard Ropson, Omar Yagi, Susumu Kitagawa.
      • Discovery: Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs).
      • First Award (1901): Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff.
    • Literature:
      • Winner: Laszlo Krasznahorkai (Hungarian author).
      • Reason: For his hypnotic and visionary works.
      • First Award (1901): Sully Prudhomme.
    • Peace:
      • Winner: Maria Corina Machado (Venezuelan opposition leader).
      • First Award (1901): Henry Dunant (founder of Red Cross) and Frédéric Passy. (Red Cross received Peace Nobel three times).
    • Economics:
      • Winners: Joel Mokyr, Philip Aghion, Peter Howitt.
      • Discovery: Identifying conditions for sustainable development via technological progress and the theory of sustainable development through creative destruction.
      • First Award (1969): Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen (Dutch).

  • Indian Nobel Laureates:

    • Rabindranath Tagore: Literature (1913) for 'Gitanjali'. First Indian and first Asian in Literature.
    • C.V. Raman: Physics (1930) for 'Raman Effect' (scattering of light).
    • Har Gobind Khorana: Medicine (1968) for artificial synthesis of genes and genetic code in protein synthesis.
    • Mother Teresa: Peace (1979). First Indian woman and first Peace Nobel for India.
    • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar: Physics (1983) for theoretical studies of stellar structure and evolution (Chandrasekhar Limit).
    • Amartya Sen: Economics (1998) for his Public Welfare State concept. First Indian in Economics.
    • V.S. Naipaul: Literature (2001) for 'In a Free State'.
    • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: Chemistry (2009) for work on ribosome structure.
    • Kailash Satyarthi: Peace (2014), shared with Malala Yousafzai. Founder of 'Bachpan Bachao Andolan'.
    • Abhijit Banerjee: Economics (2019) for efforts to alleviate global poverty.

Current Affairs (October 30, 2025)

  • IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature):

    • Adopted Proposal 007, the first global soil protection law.
    • Aims to strengthen accountability for soil conservation worldwide.
    • Co-sponsored by 'Save Soil Movement' (Sadhguru) and Pace University (USA).
    • Soil erosion is termed "creeping death".
    • Study of soil is called Pedology.
    • Established: 1948, Headquarters: Gland, Switzerland.
    • Latest conference: Abu Dhabi, UAE.
    • Tuvalu is the 90th member country.

  • South Korea's Monster Missile:

    • South Korea unveiled the 'Humu-5' monster ballistic missile.
    • It is a large, surface-to-surface ballistic missile.
    • Referred to as a "balance of terror" to counter North Korea.
    • Capital: Seoul, Currency: Won.
    • The 38th parallel line separates North and South Korea.
    • Russia recently tested a nuclear-powered missile (Skyfall missile) with a range of 14,000 km, capable of 15 hours flight.

  • HAL and SJ-100 Aircraft Production:

    • Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) signed an MoU with Russia's United Aircraft Corporation.
    • Agreement for production of SJ-100 civilian commuter aircraft in India for short-distance travel.
    • Intends to be the first fully Indian-manufactured aircraft.
    • India is the 3rd largest domestic aviation market globally.
    • IndiGo is India's largest aviation company.

  • 2026 Republic Day Chief Guests:

    • India has invited Ursula von der Leyen (President, European Commission) and António Costa (President, European Council) as chief guests for January 26, 2026.
    • Both represent the European Union (EU), which comprises 27 member states and is headquartered in Brussels.
    • The invitation aims to facilitate a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the EU.
    • An India-EU Summit is scheduled for January 2026 in Delhi, with FTA as a key agenda.
    • Historical context:
      • First Republic Day (January 26, 1950) Chief Guest: Sukarno, President of Indonesia.
      • Republic Day commemorates 'Purna Swaraj Divas' celebrated on January 26, 1930.
      • A "republic" signifies an elected head of state.
      • 2025 (76th) Republic Day Chief Guest: Prabowo Subianto, President of Indonesia.

  • Grokipedia Launch:

    • Elon Musk launched 'Grokipedia' through his X AI company.
    • It is an AI-powered online encyclopedia designed to provide accurate information, presented as an alternative to Wikipedia (which he has criticized as unreliable).
    • Wikipedia was founded in 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger.

  • Indian Digital Payment Intelligence Corporation (IDPIC):

    • State Bank of India (SBI) and Bank of Baroda announced the formation of IDPIC.
    • Purpose: To combat banking fraud and manage fraud risk.
    • All 12 government banks will hold equity shares.
    • Authorized capital: ₹500 crore, Paid-up capital: ₹200 crore.
    • Based on recommendations from the A.P. Hota Committee.

  • Paytm for NRIs:

    • Paytm has extended its services to Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) in 12 countries, allowing them to use the app with their international mobile numbers.

  • Amazon Face Project:

    • Launched by Brazilian scientists near Manaus in the Amazon forest.
    • 'FACE' stands for Free Air CO2 Enrichment.
    • Purpose: To study the impact of rising CO2 levels on the Amazon rainforest.
    • Supported by the Brazilian and UK governments.
    • Amazon Forest Facts:
      • Amazon River is the largest in the world by drainage basin/volume.
      • Grasslands are known as 'Selvas'.
      • Features tropical rainforests, high biodiversity, and are known as the "Lungs of the Earth".
      • Original home of rubber.
      • Madeira is a major tributary of the Amazon River.

  • Kalyan Singh Nagar - New District in Uttar Pradesh:

    • Uttar Pradesh will get its 76th district, named 'Kalyan Singh Nagar'.
    • It will be formed from parts of Aligarh and Bulandshahr districts (e.g., Atrauli Tehsil).
    • Named in honor of Kalyan Singh, who served as UP Chief Minister twice (1991-92 and 1997-99).
    • Haapur was the 75th district, created in 2012.
    • Mahakumbh was a temporary 76th district.

  • Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue (IPRD):

    • The 7th edition was held at the Manekshaw Centre in New Delhi.
    • Objective: To promote maritime security and development.
    • Keynote address delivered by Dinesh Tripathi, Head of the Indian Navy.
    • Book 'Future Maritime Warfare' by Captain Vikramaditya was launched.

  • SAF Senior Athletics Championship:

    • Held at Birsa Munda Stadium in Ranchi, Jharkhand.
    • Participating countries were from South Asia.
    • India topped the medal tally with 58 medals (20 Gold, 20 Silver, 18 Bronze).
    • Sri Lanka secured the second position.

  • President Droupadi Murmu's Fighter Jet Flights:

    • Became the first Indian President to fly in two different fighter jets.
    • Previously flew in a Sukhoi-30.
    • Recently flew in a Rafale jet from Ambala, Haryana.
    • Rafale jets are manufactured by Dassault Aviation.

  • Other Current Events:

    • AU Small Finance Bank received RBI approval to convert into a Universal Bank.
    • Sikkim launched 'Amma Samman Divas', 'Nari Adalat', 'Amma Suvidha Ghar', and 'Amma Sashaktikaran Yojana'.
    • Ramesh Budhiyal became the first Indian to win a medal in the Open Men's category at the Asian Surfing Championship in Tamil Nadu.
    • Justice D.Y. Chandrachud (50th CJI) authored the book 'Why the Constitution Matters'.
    • Maharashtra launched 'Garud Dasti' technology to detect fraud via social media.
    • BEML Limited secured its first foreign rail metro contract from Malaysia.
    • PM Modi inaugurated Type 7 multi-storey flats for MPs in New Delhi, named after rivers (Krishna, Godavari, Kosi, Hooghly).
    • Vietnamese EV manufacturer VinFast established its first plant in India, located in Tamil Nadu.
    • The Indian government allocated ₹4,594 crore for four new semiconductor projects across Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Punjab.
    • India's first drone AI-based artificial rain experiment was conducted in Jaipur, Rajasthan.
    • IIT Kanpur attempted cloud seeding (artificial rain using silver iodide) in Delhi to combat pollution.
    • Gopinath Bordoloi Airport (Guwahati) received an International Architecture Award.
    • Nelco (Tata Group) partnered with France's Eutelsat for OneWeb LEO satellite connectivity in India.
    • A three-member committee was formed by the Lok Sabha Speaker to investigate corruption allegations against Justice Yashwant Varma.
    • Tuvalu is implementing a planned migration of its population to Australia due to climate change.
    • A new Income Tax Bill, replacing the 1961 act, is scheduled to be implemented from April 1, 2026.
    • Rohit Krishna is India's 89th Chess Grandmaster; Divya Deshmukh is the 88th.
    • Manika Vishwakarma (Rajasthan) won the Miss Universe India 2025 title.
    • Banaras Railway introduced India's first removable solar panels on railway tracks.
    • Carlos Alcaraz won the Men's Singles title at the Cincinnati Open 2025.
    • Bhavina Patel won gold and silver in the Spoken ITTF World Para Table Tennis event in the USA.
    • Hindustan Zinc Limited became the first Indian company to join the International Mining and Metals Council.
    • The 'PM Vikasit Bharat Rozgar Yojana' received a budget of approximately ₹1 lakh crore.
    • S&P upgraded India's rating to 'BBB stable' after 18 years.
    • PM Modi launched the 'Sudarshan Chakra' mission from the Red Fort on August 15, 2025, to strengthen air defense systems using indigenous technology.
    • La Ganesan, former Governor of Nagaland, passed away.
    • ISRO initiated the 'Pasang Wangchuk' space laboratory project in Arunachal Pradesh.
    • Maharashtra Postal Circle issued a postcard to commemorate the golden jubilee of the film 'Sholay'.
    • Uttarakhand will host India's first Asian Open Short Track Speed Skating Trophy 2025.
    • The world's first Humanoid Robot Games were held in China.
    • Dubai Airport launched the world's first AI-powered immigration corridor.
    • The 'Aryan Shikhar Sammelan' of the Arya Samaj was held in Delhi, attended by the Prime Minister.
    • The ASEAN Summit, ASEAN-India Summit, and 20th East Asia Summit were all held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    • India, in collaboration with France, successfully descended 5,000 meters into the North Atlantic as part of the Deep Ocean Mission.
    • The fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-5.2) for a Global Plastic Treaty was held in Geneva, Switzerland.
    • The 'Samudra Manthan' mission aims to explore oil and gas reserves in the sea.
    • C.P. Radhakrishnan, former Governor of Maharashtra, became the Vice President.
    • Shubman Gill was named ICC Men's Player of the Month for July 2025.
    • The first integrated multi-agency mock drill, 'Swachh Chakra', was conducted in Delhi NCR.
    • Marine traffic in Turkey's Dardanelles Strait was closed due to forest fires.
    • India celebrated its 79th Independence Day on August 15, 2025.
    • The 69th National School Games commenced in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh.
    • Correction: Ranjana Desai is the chairperson of the 8th Pay Commission (not Ashok Mathur, who chaired the 7th).