Rajasthan

Appearance

Indian Five-Year Plans ​

First Five-Year Plan (1951-1956) ​

  • Start Date: April 1, 1951
  • Model: Harrod-Domar Model
  • Drafted by: K.N. Raj
  • Focus: Agriculture
  • Target Growth: 2.1%
  • Achieved Growth: 3.6%

Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961) ​

  • Model: P.C. Mahalanobis Model
  • Focus: Heavy Industries
  • Key Developments: Establishment of iron and steel plants:
    • Bhilai (Chhattisgarh)
    • Rourkela (Odisha)
    • Durgapur (West Bengal)
  • Target Growth: 4.5%
  • Achieved Growth: 4.27%

Third Five-Year Plan (1961-1966) ​

  • Model: Sukhamoy Chakravarty Model
  • Focus: Agriculture and Industry (both)
  • Challenges: India-China War (1962), India-Pakistan War (1965), leading to unachieved targets.
  • Key Developments:
    • "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan" slogan given by Lal Bahadur Shastri.
    • Establishment of Food Corporation of India (1965).

Plan Holiday (1966-1969) ​

  • Reason: Economic instability after wars.
  • Implemented three one-year plans.
  • Initiation of the Green Revolution to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains.

Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-1974) ​

  • Model: Ashok Rudra Model (drafted by D.R. Gadgil)
  • Objective: Economic Development with Stability and Self-reliance.
  • Challenges: India-Pakistan War (1971).
  • Key Developments:
    • First nuclear test, "Operation Smiling Buddha," at Pokhran, Gujarat (1974).
    • Nationalization of 14 banks (1969).
  • Target Growth: 5.5-5.7%
  • Achieved Growth: 3.3%

Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1978) ​

  • Duration: Terminated after 4 years, making it the only plan to end before its scheduled period.
  • Model: D.P. Dhar Model
  • Objective: Poverty Eradication (Garibi Hatao).
  • Target Growth: 4.4%
  • Achieved Growth: 4.8%

Rolling Plan (1978-1980) ​

  • Introduced by: Janata Party government.
  • Global Originator: Gunnar Myrdal (book: "Asian Drama").
  • Implemented in India by: Lakdawala.

Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985) ​

  • Model: Input-Output Model
  • Objective: Employment Generation and Poverty Eradication.
  • Key Developments:
    • Establishment of NABARD (1982).
    • Nationalization of 6 more banks (1980).
    • Operation Blue Star (1984).
    • Operation Meghdoot (1984), leading to India's control of Siachen.
    • Assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi (1984).

Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990) ​

  • Objective: Social Justice with Modernization.
  • Slogan: "Roti, Rozi aur Utpadakta" (Food, Work, and Productivity).
  • Key Development: Establishment of SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) in 1988.
  • Target Growth: 5%
  • Achieved Growth: 6%

Plan Holiday (1990-1992) ​

  • Reason: Severe economic crisis and foreign exchange shortage.
  • Key Development: Adoption of the New Economic Policy (LPG: Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) in 1991 under PM P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.

Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-1997) ​

  • Model: John W. Miller Model
  • Objective: Human Resource Development, influenced by the Human Development Index (HDI) concept.
  • Key Developments:
    • 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (Panchayati Raj and Urban Local Bodies) in 1992.
    • Establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on January 1, 1995.

Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997-2002) ​

  • Objective: Social Justice and Equality with Economic Growth.
  • Key Developments:
    • Launch of the Prime Minister Gram Sadak Yojana (December 25, 2000).
    • Kargil War (1999).

Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002-2007) ​

  • Model: Input-Output Model
  • Objective: Social Justice and Equality with Development.
  • Achieved Growth: 7.6%, highest at that time.
  • Key Development: National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) passed in 2005, implemented on February 2, 2006.

Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007-2012) ​

  • Objective: Rapid and Inclusive Development.
  • Achieved Growth: 8%, the highest growth rate across all Five-Year Plans.
  • Key Development: Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009, implemented on April 1, 2010.

Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012-2017) ​

  • Status: The final Five-Year Plan.
  • Objective: Rapid, Sustainable, and Inclusive Development.
  • Target Growth: 8% (overall), 4% (agriculture).
  • Target Fertility Rate: 2.1% (Replacement Rate).

Recent Current Affairs ​

Defense & Security ​

  • Indian Army conducted the "Divya Drishti" high-altitude technological demonstration exercise in Sikkim.
  • Operation Sahyog, a joint effort by Assam Rifles and Indian Air Force, was launched in Manipur to aid villages cut off by landslides.
  • Mission Sudarshan Chakra, using indigenous technology, was launched by PM Modi for the security of key installations.
  • DRDO successfully test-fired an Integrated Air Defense Weapon System in Chandipur, Odisha.
  • The military-civilian integration exercise "Samanvay Shakti 25" was held in Assam and Manipur.
  • ISRO conducted the Integrated Air Drop Testing One (IADT-1), related to the Gaganyaan Mission.
  • India participated in the multinational military exercise "Bright Star" in Egypt.
  • Deputy National Security Advisor (NSA): Aneesh Dayal Singh.

Science & Technology ​

  • India's first make-in-India 1 Megawatt Green Hydrogen plant started operations in Kandla, Gujarat.
  • ISRO's "Hope Mission," designed to simulate the lunar environment on Earth, was launched in Ladakh.
  • Dhruv Space's first commercial mission, "LEAP First," is to be launched via Falcon 9.
  • ISRO inaugurated the Pasang Wangchuk Sona space laboratory in Arunachal Pradesh.
  • India's first AI-based artificial rain experiment was conducted in Rajasthan (near Ramgarh dam, Jaipur).
  • The first "humanoid robot games" were held in Beijing.
  • Dubai International Airport launched the world's first AI-powered immigration corridor.
  • India collaborated with France for a deep-ocean mission, conducting a record 5000-meter human dive in the North Atlantic.
  • The "Samudra Manthan" National Deep Water Exploration Mission aims to locate oil and gas reserves in the sea.
  • Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW) successfully installed India's first removable solar panel system on railway tracks.
  • The Atlas survey telescope, located in Chile, discovered the comet 3i Atlas.
  • Malaysia launched the world's first AI-powered Right Bank.

Awards & Recognition ​

  • Manipur won the Dr. B.C. Roy Football Trophy (Tier 1) for 2025-26.
  • India won a Bronze medal in the World Junior Team Squash Championship 2025 after 13 years, with Anahat Singh being a key player.
  • The 71st National Film Awards 2023 recognized:
    • Best Feature Film: "12th Fail"
    • Best Hindi Film: "Katthal"
    • Best Actor: Shah Rukh Khan and Vikrant Massey
    • Best Actress: Rani Mukerji (for "Mrs. Chatterjee")
  • Nitin Gadkari received the 43rd Lokmanya Tilak National Award.
  • Vedika Vansali won the US Kids Golf World Championship in the Under-9 category.
  • Dr. Edemola Adana (Nigeria) was awarded the first Global M.S. Swaminathan Award 2025.
  • Popular Gopinath Bardoloi Airport in Guwahati received an International Architecture Award.
  • The Indian Film Festival of Melbourne awarded "Homebound" as Best Film and Abhishek Bachchan as Best Actor.
  • India secured the 41st position in IMD's World Competition Ranking 2025.
  • In the State Energy Efficiency Index 2024, Maharashtra topped Group 1 (Andhra Pradesh Group 2, Assam Group 3, Tripura Group 4).
  • Neeraj Chopra won a Silver medal in the Diamond League Final in Switzerland.

Environment & Climate Change ​

  • Klyuchevskoy and Klyuchevskoy volcanos erupted in Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula.
  • Marine traffic in Turkey's Dardanelles Strait was temporarily closed due to severe wildfires.
  • Tuvalu, an island nation, is relocating its population to Australia due to climate change, under its first planned migration scheme.
  • The 5th session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC 5.2) for a Global Plastic Treaty was held in Geneva.
  • Chennai became the first city to launch a Biodiversity Index.
  • Tamil Nadu announced its second Marine Elite Force for the protection of Olive Ridley turtles.
  • The Pampa River in Kerala will be included under the National River Conservation Plan by the central government.
  • The first successful artificial incubation for the Asian Giant Tortoise was conducted in Imphal, Manipur.

Governance, Policy & Economy ​

  • Kerala launched a pilot project for faceless GST adjudication.
  • PM Modi announced a budget of approximately ₹1 lakh crore (₹99,446 crore) for the PM Viswakarma Yojana.
  • SAP (a global rating agency) upgraded India's rating from BBB- to BB.
  • Indian Oil received the first ICAO CORSIA certificate from the International Civil Aviation Organization for sustainable aviation fuel.
  • The central government announced the integration of UGC, AICTE, and NCTE into a new Indian Higher Education Commission.
  • PM Modi inaugurated new multi-storey flats for Members of Parliament in New Delhi, named "Krishna, Godavari, Kosi, and Hugli."
  • The central government approved a budget of ₹4,594 crore for four new semiconductor projects in Odisha, Punjab, and Andhra Pradesh.
  • Dubai launched "One Free Zone Post" to streamline commercial licensing and attract global investment.
  • Parliament passed an Online Gaming Promotion and Regulation Bill, stipulating a penalty of 3 years imprisonment and a ₹1 crore fine.
  • UIDAI partnered with Starlink for seamless Aadhaar-based customer verification.
  • The 28th National Conference on e-Governance was held in Visakhapatnam.
  • Punjab National Bank became the first public sector bank in India to transfer its corporate website to the bank.in domain.
  • Uttarakhand dissolved its Madrasa Board and established a Minority Education Authority.
  • The Central Home Ministry approved the nomination of five members by the Lieutenant Governor of Jammu & Kashmir.
  • Kerala became India's first 100% digitally literate state, while Mizoram is the first fully functionally literate state.
  • The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change announced the establishment of a National Designated Authority.

International Relations & Organizations ​

  • Moldova became the 107th member of the International Solar Alliance (ISA).
  • The 25th SCO Summit was held in China; Belarus is the 10th and latest member of the SCO.
  • A historic peace agreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia was mediated by the US President, concerning the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region.
  • The first BIMSTEC Traditional Music Festival was organized in New Delhi.
  • BEML Ltd secured its first foreign rail metro contract from Malaysia.
  • Vietnam's EV manufacturer VinFast established its first plant in India, located in Tamil Nadu.
  • Nepal officially joined the International Big Cat Alliance.
  • Bhutan, with India's collaboration, successfully launched the Punatsangchhu II Hydroelectric Project (India also collaborated on the Chukha project).
  • India was elected President of the Asia Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development (headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia).
  • Rajiv Ranjan was appointed Vice President and Chief Risk Officer of the BRICS New Development Bank.

Sports ​

  • Magnus Carlsen of Norway won the first Chess e-Sports World Cup 2025, held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Argentina's men's and women's teams won gold medals in the Pan American Hockey Cup 2025.
  • Goa will host the FIDE World Cup 2025 (Chess World Cup).
  • Ajay Singh was elected President of the Indian Boxing Federation for the third consecutive time.
  • North East United Football Club won the 134th Durand Cup Trophy 2025.
  • Carlos Alcaraz won the men's singles title at the Cincinnati Open 2025.
  • Bhavina Patel, a para table tennis player, won gold and silver medals at the ITTF World Para competitions in the USA.
  • The first Khelo India Water Sports Festival was inaugurated in Jammu & Kashmir (Srinagar, Dal Lake), with Madhya Pradesh topping the points table.
  • Uttarakhand hosted the Asian Open Short Track Speed Skating Trophy 2025.
  • India's first Mondo Track for athletes was inaugurated in New Delhi (Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium).

Social & Cultural ​

  • Kerala implemented a pilot project for faceless GST adjudication.
  • A nationwide initiative "Apna Ghar" for truck drivers was launched by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
  • R. Kaushik authored the book "The Rise of the Hitman," based on Rohit Sharma.
  • A WHO ICH workshop on herbal medicine safety and regulation was held in Ghaziabad.
  • Justice D.Y. Chandrachud authored the book "Why the Constitution Matters."
  • Maharashtra launched the "Garuda Dasti" technology to detect fraud activities via social media.
  • Punjab became the first state to include sign language experts in panels under the Juvenile Justice Act.
  • The "Chief Minister Nijjot Mohini Asoni 2.0" scheme was launched in Assam to promote higher education for girls.
  • Uttarakhand's Uttarkashi district experienced flash floods in the Kheer Ganga River due to heavy rainfall and landslides.
  • Sikkim launched "Amma Samman Diwas," featuring initiatives like Nari Adalat, Ama Suvidha Ghar, and Ama Sashaktikaran Yojana.
  • West Bengal launched the "Shramshree Yojana" to provide ₹5,000 per month financial assistance to migrant workers.
  • Jalalabad city in Uttar Pradesh was renamed "Parshuram Puri."
  • Rajasthan (Dungarpur) launched "Operation Sanskar" to educate youth involved in street stunts.
  • The "Marbat Utsav" (puppet parade) was celebrated in Maharashtra, featuring a Donald Trump puppet this year.
  • Kanchan Chakravarty's book "Justice Denied, Justice Lost" was released in Kolkata.
  • Anand Mahindra launched "A Million Words Bloom," a coffee table book based on Project Nanhi Kali.
  • Uttar Pradesh implemented the "No Helmet No Fuel" campaign.
  • A 20 crore-year-old Phytosaur fossil was discovered in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.
  • The Onam festival was celebrated in Kerala.
  • The first-ever Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe Parliamentary Conference outside Delhi was held in Bhubaneswar.
  • The Delhi government, in collaboration with Oslo, launched the "Dosti" initiative to promote e-mobility.

Political & Governance ​

  • Former Jharkhand Chief Minister Shibu Soren, founder of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) party, passed away.
  • The Lok Sabha passed a bill to provide reservation for Scheduled Tribes (ST) in the Goa Assembly.
  • A three-member committee was formed by the Lok Sabha Speaker to investigate corruption allegations against Justice Yashwant Verma.
  • C.P. Radhakrishnan, Governor of Jharkhand, has been nominated as the NDA's candidate for the Vice Presidential election.
  • According to an ADR report, Revanth Reddy has the highest number of criminal cases among Chief Ministers, while Chandrababu Naidu is the richest CM and Mamata Banerjee is the poorest.