Rajasthan

Appearance

Nobel Prize Background

  • Nobel Prizes initiated in 1901, based on Alfred Nobel's 1895 will.
  • Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
  • Awarded in six fields. The Economics prize started later in 1968.
  • Economics prize established by Sweden's Sveriges Riksbank, also known as the Riksbank Award.
  • Five original prizes (Literature, Peace, Physics, Chemistry, Medicine) began in 1901.
  • All Nobel Prizes, except the Peace Prize, are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden.
  • The Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway.
  • Awards are presented on December 10, marking Alfred Nobel's death anniversary.

Nobel Prize Recipients (as per lecture)

  • Physiology/Medicine:
    • Recipients: Mary Broncob, Franz Ramsdell, Simon Sakaguti.
    • For: Discovery related to the immune system's tolerance (pratiraksha sahishnuta).
    • First recipient (1901): Adolf von Behring.
  • Physics:
    • Recipients: Michelle S. Devereau, John Clark, John Martis.
    • For: Macroscopic quantum mechanical tunneling technique in electrical circuits.
    • First recipient (1901): Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (for X-rays).
  • Chemistry:
    • Recipients: Richard Robson, Omar Yagi, Susumu Kitagawa.
    • For: Work on Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs).
    • First recipient (1901): Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff.
  • Literature:
    • Recipient: Laszlo Krassnahorkai (Hungarian author).
    • For: Hypnotic and visionary works.
    • First recipient (1901): Sully Prudhomme.
  • Peace:
    • Recipient: Maria Corina Machado (Venezuelan opposition leader).
    • First recipients (1901): Henry Dunant (founder of Red Cross) and Frédéric Passy.
    • Red Cross has received the Peace Nobel three times.
  • Economics:
    • Recipients: Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, Peter Howitt.
    • For: Identifying necessary conditions for sustainable development through technological progress and the theory of creative destruction.
    • First awarded in 1969.
    • First recipients (1969): Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen.

Indian Nobel Laureates

  • Rabindranath Tagore: Literature, 1913, for Gitanjali. First Indian and first Asian to receive a Nobel Prize in Literature.
  • C.V. Raman (Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman): Physics, 1930, for Raman Effect (scattering of light).
  • Har Gobind Khorana: Medicine, 1968, for artificial synthesis of genes, and explaining the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
  • Mother Teresa: Peace, 1979. First Indian woman and first Peace Nobel for India.
  • Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar: Physics, 1983, for theoretical studies of physical processes crucial to the structure and evolution of stars (Chandrasekhar Limit).
  • Amartya Sen: Economics, 1998, for concept of Public Welfare State. First Indian to receive a Nobel Prize in Economics.
  • V.S. Naipaul: Literature, 2001, for book In a Free State.
  • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: Chemistry, 2009, for work on the structure of ribosomes.
  • Kailash Satyarthi: Peace, 2014, shared with Malala Yousafzai, for Bachpan Bachao Andolan (Save Childhood Movement).
  • Abhijit Banerjee: Economics, 2019, for efforts to reduce poverty.

Daily Current Affairs (as of November 28, 2025)

  • Commonwealth Games 2030: Ahmedabad, India, secured hosting rights. Decision made in Glasgow.
    • Glasgow, Scotland, will host the 23rd Commonwealth Games in 2026.
    • India previously hosted in Delhi in 2010.
    • The 22nd Commonwealth Games were held in Birmingham, England, in 2022.
    • The first Commonwealth Games were held in Hamilton, Canada, in 1930.
    • Hosting the 2030 CWG could support India's bid for the 2036 Olympics.
  • BCCI President: Mithun Manhas selected as the new president.
  • Ballon d'Or Award 2025 (Women's): Aitana Bonmatí received the award.
  • Living Bridge Award (India-UK Free Trade Agreement): Keir Starmer, UK Prime Minister, honored.
  • National e-Governance Award: Rohini Gram Panchayat (Maharashtra) for leading role in digital service delivery.
  • UN World Urbanization Prospects 2025 Report:
    • World's most populous cities: 1. Jakarta, Indonesia (42 million people), 2. Dhaka, Bangladesh, 3. Tokyo, 4. New Delhi.
    • Jakarta is the headquarters of ASEAN (established 1967).
  • World's 100 Best Cities List: London is in the first place. Bengaluru (India) is at the 29th position.
  • 19th National Jamboree of Bharat Scouts and Guides: To be held in Uttar Pradesh.
  • Asia's Largest Rail Operations Command Center: Unveiled in Sabarmati, Gujarat.
  • WhatsApp Governance Model: Launched by Andhra Pradesh (Manmitra) and Telangana.
  • LEAP Program: Karnataka initiated a ₹1000 crore program to promote innovation.
  • International IDEA President (2026): India's Chief Election Commissioner, Gyanesh Kumar (26th CEC), elected president of International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA).
    • International IDEA was established in 1995 with its headquarters in Stockholm, Sweden. India is a founding member.
  • Nalanda Executive Chairman: Justice Vikram Nath appointed.
  • CAG of India: Sanjay Murthy.
  • Chief Justice of India: Suryakant.
  • RBI Governor: Sanjay Malhotra.
  • First Chief Election Commissioner of India: Sukumar Sen.
  • First Woman Chief Election Commissioner of India: Rama Devi.
  • Dravya Portal: Launched by the AYUSH Ministry to provide authentic information on Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy.
  • UNEP Young Champion of the Earth Award: Jinali Modi (Maharashtra) received the award.
  • DRDO's First Rail-Based Mobile Launcher System: Successfully tested Agni Prime missile.
  • GST Appellate Tribunal: Headed by Sanjay Kumar Mishra.
  • Animal Husbandry Statistics 2025 Report:
    • Milk Production: India is ranked 1st globally (247.87 million tonnes). Within India, Uttar Pradesh ranks 1st (approx. 16%), followed by Rajasthan (approx. 15%).
    • Egg Production: India ranks 2nd globally. Within India, Andhra Pradesh ranks 1st.
    • Wool Production: Within India, Rajasthan ranks 1st (approx. 48% of total production).
    • Meat Production: India ranks 4th globally. Within India, West Bengal ranks 1st.
  • Junior World Ranking in Judo: Himanshi Talkers became the first Indian to reach the top spot.
  • Agnikul's First Rocket 3D Printing Facility: Established in Chennai.
  • 11th Shooting Junior World Cup 2025: Hosted by India, with India securing the first position.
  • DGP-IGP Conference 2025: To be held in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, with the Prime Minister's participation. The 2024 edition was held in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
  • 3rd Chanakya Defence Dialogue: President Droupadi Murmu will inaugurate it in Delhi.
  • First Ship Building Indigenization IT Conference: Hosted by the Indian Coast Guard in Madikeri, Karnataka.
  • Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Manufacturing Scheme (REMS): Approved by the Union Cabinet for 7 years with a budget of ₹7280 crore.
    • Aims for an annual production of 6000 metric tons.
    • Magnets used in electric cars, renewable energy, electronics, and defense.
  • MiG-21 Aircraft: Decommissioned, to be replaced by Tejas.
  • Integrated Neurological Rehabilitation Center 'Prayas': Launched by the AYUSH Ministry in Goa.
  • Big Bash League: Ravichandran Ashwin became the first Indian to be included.
  • Natural Gas Discovery: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas discovered natural gas for the first time in the Andaman Basin.
  • Center for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) MoU: Signed with IIT Roorkee.
    • For: Establishing a Center of Excellence for Advanced Communication.
    • Aim: Promote innovation, R&D, and capacity building in technology towards 'Atmanirbhar Bharat'.
    • IIT Roorkee: Asia's oldest engineering college, established in 1847.
  • UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve Network: Cold Desert (Himachal Pradesh) included.
  • Attorney General of India: R. Venkataramani's tenure extended.
  • Ramsar Site Inclusion: Gokul Reservoir and Udaipur Lake (Bihar).
  • Jal Jeevan Abhiyan (Top Award): Bidar district (Karnataka) received the top prize for water conservation and public participation.
  • Reliance Industries' AI Data Center Investment: Reliance Industries to invest $11 billion in an AI Data Center in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
    • The 1 Gigawatt capacity center is a collaboration between Reliance (India), Brookfield (Canada), and Digital Reality (USA).
    • The project is named "Digital Connection."
  • UPI Adoption: Qatar became the 8th country to adopt UPI.
  • 2nd National Arbitration Conference: Held in Bhubaneswar.
  • World Tourism Day: Celebrated on September 27.
  • Asia Cup (Cricket): India won for the 9th time, defeating Pakistan in the final.
  • Wildlife Institute of India (WII) Tracking: Witnessed the 6000 km migration of three Amur Falcons (named Apapag, Alang, and Aahu).
    • Amur Falcons migrate from Africa to Northeast India (Manipur).
    • The Amur River forms a border between Russia and China.
  • World Heart Day: Celebrated on September 29.
  • World Sea Food Conference: Held in Chennai.
  • India's First Maritime Simulation Center: Inaugurated by Union Minister Sonowal in Chennai.
  • FIFA 2026 Mascot: Kletch, representing the host countries USA, Canada, and Mexico.
  • Mangsir Bagwal Mahotsav: Celebrated in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand.
    • A festival of lights in the mountains, held one month after Diwali.
    • Commemorates Madhav Singh Bhandari's victory over Tibet.
    • Celebrated in the Margashirsha month.
  • Mahi Banswara Nuclear Power Project: Capacity of four 700 MW units.
  • RBI Deputy Governor: Shirish Chandra Murmu appointed.
  • First Cheetah Cub Born in Kuno National Park: Named Mukhi (mother Jwala).
  • Change Maker of the Year Award: Awarded to DRDO.
  • IMF Report on Growth Rate (Next Financial Year):
    • India's projected growth rate: 6.6% (highest globally).
    • China's projected growth rate: 4.8%.
    • Spain's projected growth rate: 2.9%.